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Chapter 10 Solving Problems in Groups and Teams (Group Problem-Solving…
Chapter 10
Solving Problems in Groups and Teams
Problem Solving in Groups: When and Why:
Participative Decision Making:
A process in which people contribute to the decision that will affect them.
Example From Text:
Superheroes come together to solve a problem and each one of them has a special skill, so when they work together they succeed.
Personal Example:
Every group I've worked in, everyone naturally does a different task and we are most successful that way. I'm good at certain things and not so good at other things. That's why its so important to work in groups.
Setting the Stage for Problem Solving:
Cohesiveness:
The totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in that group.
Orientation Stage:
When group members become familiar with one another's positions and tentatively volunteer their own.
Conflict Stage:
When group members openly defend their positions and question those of others.
Emergence Stage:
When a group moves from conflict toward a single solution.
Reinforcement Stage:
When group members endorse the decision they have made.
Example From Text:
Making time to get to know each other can build relationships within the group and make for a more successful outcome.
Personal Example:
I defiantly work better if I feel comfortable in a group. I don't feel as much tension or stress, and it makes for a more fun and positive environment to work in. I look forward to it, instead of stressing about it.
Group Problem-Solving Strategies and Formats:
Breakout Groups:
When the number of members is too large for effective decision.
Problem Census:
When some members are more vocal than others.
Focus Group:
Sponsoring organizations often use these groups to learn how potential users or the public at large regards to a new product or idea.
Parliamentary Procedure:
Observing specific rules about how topics may be discussed and decisions made.
Panel Discussion:
A problem-solving format in which the participants discuss the topic informally, much as they would in an ordinary conversation.
Symposium:
The participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption.
Forum:
Allows nonmembers to add their opinions to the group's deliberations before the group makes a decision.
Dialogue:
A process in which people let go of the notion that their ideas are more correct or superior to others' and instead seek to understand an issue from many different perspectives.
Example From Text:
Some meetings are casual and other times they are more structured and formal which can be more helpful at times.
Personal Example:
When I work in groups, when I build relationships with team mates it makes it difficult to have formal meetings and we get less done.
Approaches and Strategies in Problem Solving:
Force Field Analysis:
A method of problem analysis that identifies the forces contributing to resolution of the problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution.
Brainstorming:
A method of creatively generating ideas in groups by minimizing criticism and encouraging a large quantity of ideas without regard to their workability or ownership by individual members.
Nominal Group Technique:
A method for including the ideas of all group members in a problem-solving session.
Consensus:
Agreement among group members about a decision.
Example From Text:
Some contestants on TV shows must work together with a team in order to provide for them selves.
Personal Example:
Sometimes in a group if I don't understand something I can have someone else explain it or work together to find a meaning we can agree on.
Overcoming Dangers in Group Discussion:
Information Underload:
The decline in efficiency that occurs when there is a shortage of the information necessary to operate efficiently.
Information Overload:
The decline in efficiency that occurs when the rate or complexity of material is too great to manage.
Groupthink:
A group's collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision.
Example From Text:
If someone is usually quiet, you can encourage them to speak up, because they could have a lot of potential.
Personal Example:
People who don't speak a lot, I always encourage and most of the time they end up having the best ideas and solutions.
Question One:
It really interests me how people who have so many amazing ideas chose to be quiet and not share them.
Question Two:
It bothers me sometimes when groups don't build relationships with each other. It makes for a very uncomfortable and stressful environment.
Question Three:
I wanted to learn more about the different structures of meetings. Some could be casual and some could be formal. Id like to know which is more effective.