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Maori (Poverty (Drugs, alcohol, smoking (Before Europeans arrived, Māori…

- - - - Māori began using tobacco (chewing it or smoking pipes) after Europeans brought it to New Zealand in the late 1700s. Tobacco became a standard trade item, and Māori grew plants and became heavy smokers. Many Māori women smoked, although smoking by Pākehā women was seen as unacceptable in the 19th century.
        
        Some Māori opposed the use of tobacco, and Tūhoe prophet Rua Kēnana banned it from his community at Maungapōhatu.
        
        In the mid-20th century the health dangers of smoking became known. Māori had high rates of respiratory, heart and other smoking-related diseases. In 1962, 58% of Māori men and 70% of women smoked (compared with 38% of all New Zealand men and 31% of women). In 2009, 44% of Māori smoked (compared with 18% of non-Māori), and Māori were twice as likely as others to be exposed to second-hand smoke. There were programmes to help Māori quit smoking.
        
        Tobacco
      - Alcohol
        
        Māori did not have alcohol before Europeans arrived. At first, most did not like it, and it was often called waipiro (stinking water). From the 1850s Māori attempted to control access to liquor, proclaiming some communities dry. Some Māori wanted government intervention, and a number of laws were passed limiting Māori access to alcohol. In 1884 the government declared the King Country dry in response to requests from Ngāti Maniapoto. Māori drinking and alcohol-related convictions reached the same level as those of Pākehā in the 1890s.
        
        In 1948 many of the controls on Māori access to liquor were removed. Drinking became more common for Māori as they increasingly moved to the cities.
        
        In the 2000s average daily consumption of alcohol was the same for Māori and non-Māori, but Māori were more likely to binge drink
      - Drugs
        
        Māori did not encounter recreational drug use until they moved into the cities after the Second World War. In the 1970s it became common for young Māori to use marijuana.
        
        In the 2000s, 64.6% of Māori aged 16–64 had used drugs recreationally at some time in their lives – a higher rate than any other ethnic group. Marijuana and BZP party pills were the most commonly used drugs.
- - - - Zealand Tattoo specialise in the more timeless design art forms that have proven themselves to have withstood the test of time and will not rapidly date, like many other Tattoo Art ‘fads’ and trends have done.
      - In particular, our three key design areas of expertise include:
      - Maori tattoo design
      - Oriental (Japanese/Asian) tattoo design
      - Ornamental (ie Art Noveaux etc) tattoo design
    - - Tā moko is the permanent marking or "tattoo" as traditionally practised by Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand.
      - Captain James Cook wrote in 1769:
      - The marks in general are spirals drawn with great nicety and even elegance. One side corresponds with the other. The marks on the body resemble foliage in old chased ornaments, convolutions of filigree work, but in these they have such a luxury of forms that of a hundred which at first appeared exactly the same no two were formed alike on close examination.
- - - - The IBCPC Dragon Boat Festival is held every 3 to 4 years under the auspices of the International Breast Cancer Paddlers’ Commission. The festival is an international non-competitive participatory event for breast cancer paddler teams who engage in Dragonboat activities as post breast cancer diagnosis rehabilitation. For the first time since the establishment of IBCPC in 2010, the festival will take place in the southern hemisphere in New Zealand.
      - Dragon boat paddling has become a rehabilitation therapy for tens of thousands of women, and men worldwide, who have been diagnosed with breast cancer.
      - The New Zealand 2022 festival will involve a selection of teams from the current 240 IBCPC member teams, from 30 countries across all continents (other than the Antarctic). The festival will be governed by the Aotearoa Wahine Toa Ora Trust (AWTO) and sitting under the trust will be an Organising Committee (OC) chaired by Meri Gibson and working with her will be many experienced members of the New Zealand Dragon Boat Association (NZDBA) on the technical management of the festival, members of Abreast
      - of Life Dragon Boat team and members of other breast cancer teams in New Zealand to help with other aspects of the festival.
      - The New Zealand Festival will be a sporting event but above all a social occasion in which New Zealand will welcome 4000 to 5000 people from all over the world. The participants are mainly women between the ages of 20 and 80 who will meet to take part in the exciting Dragon boat races, paddling together on the beautiful world class facility at Lake Karapiro, Cambridge, New Zealand. They will also be accompanied by their friends and families, their faithful and enthusiastic supporters.
      - Please don’t miss out on being part of this great event and participating in the week long celebrations culminating in three days of intense activity, demonstrations, workshops and social events aimed at awareness and dialogue within the large international community of breast-cancer paddlers.