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The Respiratory System (disorders of the respiratory system (chronic…
The Respiratory System
Major functions of the
respiratory system
nose, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs alveoli
anatomy of the respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, sinuses, bronchioles
organs of the respiratory system and location
(upper and lower respiratory track)
upper respiratory
warms, humidifies, filters air
nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
pharynx
nasopharynx
breath
oropharynx
swallow food and get air
laryngopharynx
passageway for food and air
lower respiratory system
conducting zone
consists of all passageways of respiratory tings from nose to repiratory bronchioles
respiratory zone
actual site of gas exchange
us composed of repiratory bronchioles
larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
left
only has 2 lobes
smaller because heart takes up most space
has oblique fissure
right
has 3 lobes
superior, middle, inferior lobe
breathing mechanism
inspiration
1) inspiratory muscles contract
2) thoracic cavity volume increases
3) lungs stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases
4) intrapulmonary pressure drops
5) air flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0
expiration
3) elastic lungs recoil passively; intrapulonary volume decreases
4) intrapulmonary pressure rises
2) thoracic cavity volume decreases
5) air flows out of lungs down its pressure gradient until intraoulmoanry pressure is 0
1) inspiratory muscles relax
definitions of lung capacity terminology
intrapulomary pressure
pressure inside lungs decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration
intrapleural pressure
pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as chest wall expands during inspiration.
internal and
external respiration
internal
capillary gas exchange in body tissues
gas exchanges occur between blood and alveoli and between blood and tissue cells
external
external nose includes root, bridge, dorsum nasi, apex, nostrils/nares
these factors influence external respiration
partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
thickness and surface area of respiratory membrane
ventilation- perfusion coupling
disorders of the respiratory system
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
decrease in ability to force air out of lungs
asthma
coughing, wheezing, chest tightness
lung cancer
sleep apnea