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Respiratory System (Addie Stendal Period 4) (anatomy of the respiratory…
Respiratory System (Addie Stendal Period 4)
major functions of the respiratory system
obtain oxygen from outside environment
deliver oxygen to cells
anatomy of the respiratory tract
diaphragm: muscle, expands lungs
bronchioles: bronchi w/ diameter <1mm
trachea: mouth -> lungs
pharynx
nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
larynx
bronchi: air comes into lungs through bronchi
lungs: sacs that air enters into
internal and external respiration
external: air is brought into lungs; oxygen enters blood stream through alveoli
internal respiration: oxygen diffuses into cells and CO2 diffuses into carbon dioxide
disorders of the respiratory system
seasonal flu: viral infection; changes rapidly from year to year
pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
COPD: includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
tuberculosis: bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs; may develop tumors
definition lung capacity terminology
vital capacity: the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
inspiratory capacity: the volume of air that can be inspired following a normal, quiet expiration
expiratory reserve: additional amount of air that can be expired from the lungs after normal expiration
tidal volume: amount of air inspired and expired during normal breathing
inspiratory reserve: amount of air that can be inhaled additionally after a tidal volume
residual volume: amount of air left in lungs after a forced expiration
functional residual capacity: amount of air left in lungs after tidal expiration
total lung capacity: total amount of air that can fit into the lungs
breathing mechanism
air enters the alveoli through the terminal bronchioles
capillaries surrounding the alveoli have CO2 rich blood with little O2 and alveoli have air that is rich in O2 with little CO2
O2 and CO2 follow their pressure gradients and diffuse through the membranes of the alveoli and the capillaries: O2 into blood stream, CO2 into alveoli
differences between the right and left lung and right and left primary bronchi
right lung: has three lobes; is shorter than left lung (due to liver)
left lung: has two lobes; longer and narrower than right lung; has cardiac notch to fit heart
right primary bronchus: wider and shorter than the left; subdivides into three lobar bronchi
left primary bronchus: thinner and longer than the right; subdivides into two lobar bronchi