Respiratory Stystem Jocelyn Chavez p7
Respiratory disorders
Major structures
Expiration
Upper respiratory tract
Larynx
Trachea
Pharynx
Nose
Lower respiratory system
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lung
Alveoli
Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Nose: Air enters through external nostrils
- Also consists of tubes that filter, warm, and moisturize incoming air and transports into microscopic alveoi
Paranasal Sinuses: Reduces the weight of the skull and serves as resonant chamber
Nose Cavity: Olfactory receptors in mucosa on superior surface and moistens air and traps incoming foreign particles
Larynx: Keeps particles from entering the trachea
Pharynx: Common passage for food and air and aids in producing sounds for speech
Inspiration
Diaphragm flattens during inspiration
Movement into lungs
External Intercostal: contraction moves ribs and sternum upward and outward increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
Elastic recoil of lung tissue acids in expiration
Forceful expiration involves decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity by coughing and singing
movement of air out of the lungs
Internal intercostal muscles contraction depresses rib cage decreasing the front to back size of the thorax
Lung capacity terminology
Inspiratory reserve volume: additional maximum ihalation
Tidal volume: Normal breathing
Residual volume: keeps alveoli inflated
Vital capacity: Maximum volume that can be exhaled
Expiratory reserve volume: Addition air expired during exhalation
When the diaphragm and intercostal relax, the lungs and thoracic tissues recoil and the lungs volume lower. this causes the pressure within the lungs to get higher than the atmosphere making air to move out the lung
Pneumonia- Bacterial or viral infection on the lungs caused by viral infection
Symptoms: chest pain
Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by weaken immune system.
Symptoms: fever & fatigue, & coughing
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder caused by tobacco smoke.
Symptoms: Chronic cough, & tight chest pain
Seasonal Flue: A viral infection caused by inhaled in respiratory.
Symptoms: Dry cough, headache, and body ache
Lung cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs caused by smoking.
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, & weight loss
Major Funtions
Distribution of air: Filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas exchange: Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Breathing
External Respiration: Exchanges gasses between the lungs and the bloodstream
Internal Respiration: Exchanges gasses between the bloodstream and body tissues
Air vibrating the vocal cords creates sound
Olfaction or smell
Difference between left and right lung
Left lung: Long and narrow, close to the heart, and has one bronchus
Right lung: Wide, short, has two bronchi
Difference between left and right primary bronchi
Right primary bronchi: Short, wider, divides 3 lobar bronchi
Left primary bronchi: Thinner, longer, divides into 2 bronchi
Breathing mechanism