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DS3: How did the Nazis control Germany? (How successful in dealing with…

- - - - Waffen-SS: elite armoured regiment
      - Death's Head Units: concentration camps and Jews
      - Office for the Strengthening of Germanhood: racial policy
      - Race and Resettlement Office and RHSA: Security Head office
- - - - Bands, marching, flying displays, brilliant speeches by Hitler
      - People like the colour and excitement and a sense of belonging to a great movement
      - Demonstrated power of the state
      - Emphasis on order out of chaos
    - - Wanted to show the supremacy of the Aryan race
      - Achievements and technical efficiency of Nazi Germany
      - German team won 33 golds, far more than any other team
      - Foreign visitors impressed but saw it as blatant propaganda
        –> also shocked by overt presence of army and SS
      - Star was Jesse Owens – black – won 4 gold medals, broke 11 world records
        –> didn't please Hitler
    - - Couldn't be published without Goebbels' permission
      - Best-seller was Mein Kampf
      - Organised book-burnings
    - - Only Nazi-approved painters could exhibit
      - Lots of paintings and sculptures of heroic Aryans, military figures or ideal Aryan families
    - - Closely controlled the newspapers
      - Not allowed to print anti-Nazi ideas
      - Anti-Nazi newspapers closed down
      - Became dull reading
        => circulation fell by 10%
    - - All films to have a pro-Nazi message
      - Preceded by newsreels about Hitler's greatness and Germany's achievements
      - All foreign films censored
    - - Jazz banned because it was 'black' music
    - - plastered everywhere
      - proclaimed Hitler's successes and attacked opponents
    - - cheap radios made available for all
      - Radio stations controlled by nazis
      - Listening to foreign stations was punishable by death
      - Loudspeakers in streets and bars
      - Repetition of Hitler's speeches so often they came to be believed
  - - - Goebbels appointed minister for Propaganda in 1933 and effectively controlled all forms of media and communication
    - - No Nazi economic miracle saw a huge drop in unemployment
      - Effective opposition already wiped-out
      - SA under control and Army backing Hitler
      - Use of concentration camps
      - Nazi-controlled courts and judges
      - Hitler Youth indoctrination
      - School curriculum promoted loyalty to Hitler
- - - - History about the former greatness of Germany, stab-in-the-back
      - Time in PE tripled
      - Biology taught about the superiority of the Aryan race
      - Maths and science concentrated on military matters eg. explosives, ballistics
      - Girls learned Domestic Science and other subjects for motherhood
  - - - Trained girls to be wives, mothers, housemakers
      - 'Home evenings' revolved around domestic training, eg. how to bring up a baby, cook, do needlework
      - Sessions in german history, folk dancing and singing
        –> Saturdays: strenuous outdoor training – running, jumping, swimming
- - - - Murder of German diplomat by a Jew in Paris used as an excuse to take violent revenge
      - Smashed up Jewish shops and businesses, burned synagogues, murdered 91 Jews and sent 20,000 to concentration camps
      - A few Germans protested but were murdered
      - Thousands of Jews left Germany
    - - transporting Poles from homes to ghettos and replacing them with German settlers
      - Able-bodied Jews used for slave labour
      - Young, old and sick left to die from hunger and disease
    - - Problem of 3Mn Russian Jews after invasion of USSR, 1941, and other eastern Jews – shoot them
      - Carried out by special SS units KA Einsatzgruppen
    - - Himmler put in charge of the systematic killing of all Jews in Germany and occupiedterritories
      - Slave labour camps set up eg. Auschwitz, Treblinka, Chelmo
      - Old, sick and young killed immediately, others used for slave labour or medical experiments
      - ~6Mn Jews died from working to death, being shot, or gassed
- - - - Opponents were killed or imprisoned, others scared into submission
      - Most serious criticism was in private rather than in public
    - - Many admired Hitler for restoring the economy, reinforcing traditional values, clamping down on Communism, reversing ToV
      - Many prepared to tolerate rule by terror and loss of political freedom in return for work, foreign policy success and a strong government
      - Reduced unemployment
      - Offered leadership which would steer them to stability and prosperity following the Great Depression
      - Brought national pride
    - - Fears that workers would lose jobs if they expressed opposition
      - Companies could lose business and go bankrupt if they didn't contribute to Nazi Party funds
    - - Many did not find out about bad things happening, or only heard about them with a pro-Nazi bias
      - Good for maintaining a positive image of Hitler