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Respiratory System Raven Brown P4 (Definitions of lung capacity…
Respiratory System Raven Brown P4
Major functions of the
respiratory system
Supply the body with oxygen
Dispose of carbon dioxide
4 processes of respiration: pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport of respiratory gases, and internal respiration
Internal and external respiration
Internal: Oxygen moves out of the blood in the capillary and into tissue cell, carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells into capillary blood.
External: Close proximity of capillaries in the lungs allow exchange of gases between blood and alveoli by diffusion.
Differences between the right and left lung and right and left primary bronchi
The point where the trachea divide into the right bronchi is called the Carina. The right main bronchus is wider, and shorter than the left main bronchus, which is thinner and longer.
The right bronchus is more vertical in direction than the left and it is about 2.5 cm long. It enters the right lung nearly opposite the 5th thoracic vertebrae and the right lung has 2 lobes.
The left bronchus enters the root of the left lung opposite of the 6th thoracic vertebrae. The left lung has lobes.
Anatomy of the respiratory tract
Upper Tract: The upper airways or upper respiratory tract includes the nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, the pharynx, and the portion of the larynx above the vocal folds.
Lower Tract: The lower airways or lower respiratory tract includes the portion of the larynx below the vocal folds, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
Breathing Mechanism
Breathing occurs when the contraction or relaxation of muscles around the lungs changes the total volume of air within the air passages
The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity
When you breathe in or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
This increases the space in your chest cavity, and the lungs expand into it.
They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale
Disorders of the respiratory system
Lung Cancer
Within the ability to develop in any part of the lungs, this cancer is difficult to detect. Most often, the cancer develops in the main part of the lungs, near the air sacs
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a term that accounts for several respiratory illnesses that cause breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally
Pneumonia
An pneumonia is a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral, or fungal.
Seasonal Flu
Seasonal Flu is a respiratory infection cause by a virus which circulates in all parts of the world.
Tuberculosis
This bacterial infection usually attacks the lungs but it can also damage other parts of the body. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with the disease coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Definitions of lung capacity terminology
Inspiratory Capacity: volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale
Expiratory Reserve: air expired during forced exhalation
Tidal Volume: Air moved by one respiration, about 500ml
Inspiratory Reserve Volume: Air taken in during maximal inhalation
Residual Volume: amount of air left in alveoli after forced expiration that keeps alveoli inflated.
Functional Residual Capacity: air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place
Vital Capacity: total volume of the air that can be exhaled after max inhalation
Total Lung Capacity: volume of air in the lungs after a max inhalation
Organs of the respiratory system and location
