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Respiratory System Diana Martinez Period 4 (anatomy of respiratory tract…
Respiratory System Diana Martinez Period 4
major functions
obtain gas from external environment
if the pressure in the lungs was higher than pressure outside, air would quickly like to rush out
gas exchange
oxygen to carbon dioxide
sound production
the larynx contains the features vocal cords and for which help humans talk
protection
nostril hairs prevents dust and small particles to be inhaled in. The epiglottis prevents foreign objects to enter the trachea.
anatomy of respiratory tract
nasal cavity
nostril
oral cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
right main bronchus
left main bronchus
right lung
left lung
diaphragm
differences between left & right lung
right lung
The right lung is shorter because the liver is tucked in there, but it is broader than the left
Three lobes
two bronchi
two fissures
left lung
The left lung is narrower than the right because it holds the heart.
Has two lobes
one bronchi
one fissure
difference between left & right primary bronchi
right primary bronchi
shorter
more in line with the trachea
three lobar bronchi
left primary bronchi
longer and narrower
less in line with trachea
two lobes
breathing mechanism
DIAPHRAGM: The diaphragm contracts (moves down) in order to inflate our lungs with oxygen, increasing the space in the chest cavity.
definition of lung capacity terminology
inspiratory capacity
forced inhale, normal exhale
expiratory reserve volume
forced exhale
residual volume
how much air is left after fully exhaling
vital capacity
forced inhale forced exhale
inspiratory reserve volume
forced inhale
tidal volume
normal inhale normal exhale
internal & external respiration
internal respiration
the exchange of gas through fluids and cells
external respiration
process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, gills, or other tissues exposed to the external environment.
disorders of resp. system
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; includes chronic bronchitis
cause/ risk factors: asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, dust exposure, air pollution
symptoms: cough, infections, dyspnea, wheezing, fatigue
treatment: smoking cessation, medications, broncodiators
Lung cancer
mass of uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs
causes/risk factors: smoking, second hand smoke, asbestos exposure, radon gas, genetics, air pollution
symptoms: recurrent cough, chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, headache, weight loss
tuberculosis
bacterial infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis
causes/risk factors: contagious, inhaled, weakened immune system,care/live with TB patients.
symptoms: cough with blood or mucus, fatigue, fever, chills
treatment: long term anit biotics, surgery medication
seasonal flu
a viral infection; many variations to it and it changes rapidly from year to year which changes severity of symptoms
cause/risk factors: inhaled respiratory, droplets, occpation, living conditions, weakened immune, chronic illness, preganancy
symptoms: dry cough, fatigue, congestion, headache, body ache, chills, fever,nausea and vomiting.
treatment: early vaccination, over the counter medicine, anit viral medication, rest and hydration
pneumonia
inflammation and fluid in the lungs
causes/risk factors: bacterial infection, viral infection, exposure to infected individuals, impaired immune system, complication with other sespiratory
symptoms:cough, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, chills, fever
treatment: over the counter medication, anitbiotics, oxygentherapy