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Respiratory System - Tiffany Silvas p.4 (Lung Capacity Terminology…
Respiratory System - Tiffany Silvas p.4
Breathing Mechanisms
Inhalation
your diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
increases the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs expand
when you inhale, your ribs contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward
Exhalation
the movement of air out of the bronchial tubes, through the airways, to the external environment during breathing.
relaxation of the thoracic diaphragm causes contraction of the pleural cavity which puts pressure on the lungs to expel the air.
Costal Breathing
a mode of breathing that requires contraction of the intercostal muscles.
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
allows us to breathe and exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen (inhalation & exhalation)
the organs in this system are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide (external respiration exchanges gases between lungs and bloodstream)
air vibrating in the vocal cords and creates sound
olfaction aka smelling
Right vs Left Lungs
Right Lung
it has deep concavity on the inner surface that is called the cardiac impression
it has TWO bronchi
it is shorter and wider in shape.
it has three lobes namely, upper, middle and lower.
Left Lung
it has ONE bronchus
it has two lobes, upper and lower.
it is narrower and is oblong in shape.
it is less concave than right lung.
Organs of Resp. System
bronchi (location-primary bronchi located in the upper portion of the lungs & secondary bronchi near the center of the lungs. ( tertiary bronchi are located near the bottom of these organs, just above the bronchioles)
larynx (location-found in the anterior neck at the level of the C3–C6 vertebrae. connects to the inferior part of the pharynx (hypopharynx) with the trachea.)
lungs (location-located on either side of the chest (thorax)
pharynx (location- found in part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and larynx)
trachea (location- begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). It also divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi.)
Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Upper Resp. Tract
the pharynx
and portion of larynx above vocal folds (cords)
paranasal sinuses
nose & nasal passages
Lower Resp. Tract
trachea
bronchi
portion of the larynx below the vocal folds
bronchioles
Respiratory Disorders
emphysema- serious respiratory disease, which is another form of COPD. The most common cause is smoking.
lung cancer- ability to develop in any part of the lungs, this cancer is difficult to detect. Most often, the cancer develops in the main part of the lungs near the air sacs.
bronchitis- form of COPD emphasized by a chronic cough. Usually people cough up sputum (mucus from the lungs), especially in the morning.
pneumonia- a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral or fungal
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an umbrella term that encompasses several respiratory illnesses that cause breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally.
asthma- chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the airways. Asthma symptoms include dry cough, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
Right & Left Primary Bronchi
Lung Capacity Terminology
residual volume (RV), about 1,200 mL, is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled.
total lung capacity (TLC), about 6,000 mL, is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs (TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV).
expiratory reserve volume (ERV), about 1,200 mL, is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume.
vital capacity (VC), about 4,800 mL, is the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling (VC = TV + IRV + ERV = approximately 80 percent TLC). The value varies
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), about 3,100 mL, is the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume.
inspiratory capacity (IC), about 3,600 mL, is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired (IC = TV + IRV).
tidal volume (TV), about 500 mL, is the amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed
functional residual capacity (FRC), about 2,400 mL, is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration (FRC = RV + ERV).
