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Respiratory System (Major functions of the respiratory system…

- - - - Bronchial Tree
        
        Lungs
        
        Bronchioles
        
        Diaphragm
        
        Thoracic Cage
  - - - Nasal cavity
        
        Sinuses
        
        Pharynx
        
        Larynx
        
        Oropharynx
        
        Laryngopharynx
- - - - Causes and Risk Factors
        
        Description
        
        Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and astma
        
        COPD
        
        Asthmatic bronchitis
        
        Dust exposure
        
        Air Pollution
        
        Genetics
      - Chronic cough
        
        Shortness of breath
        
        Tight Chest
        
        Lung damage
        
        Heart disease
        
        Increase mucus
    - - Lung resuction
        
        Pulmonary rehabilitation
        
        Oxygen therapy
        
        Bronchodilators
- - - - Movement of air out of the lung
        
        Forceful expiration: involves decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity by these expiratory muscle( coughing, singing, and speaking)
        
        Mechanism
        
        Decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, which increases pressure above atmospheric pressure-air rushes out of the lungs
        
        Reduction in the size of the thoracic cavity increases its pressure, and air leaves the lungs
        
        Elastic recoil- of lung tissue aids in expiration
        
        Expiration muscles:
        
        Internal intercostal muscles: Contraction depresses rib cage, decreasing front-to-back size of the thorax
        
        Abdominal muscles: Contraction elevates the diaphragm, decreasing size of thoracic cavity from top to bottom
    - - movement of air into lungs
        
        External intercostals:Contraction moves ribs and sternum upward and outward, increasing the size of thoracic cavity
        
        Mechansim
        
        Increases in size of chest cavity reduces pressure within, and air enters the lungs(higher pressure air from outside goes into the lower pressure inside the lungs)
        
        Inspiratory muscles:
        
        Diaphragm:Flattens during inspiration;
        increases top-to-bottom length of thorax
        
        Surface tension: Between the two layers of pleura, the lungs follows with the chest wall expand
        
        Surfactant:Keep alveoli from sticking to each other(so they don't collapse when internal air pressure is low)
- - - - Chest pain
        
        Tachycardic
        
        Fatigue
  - - - Viral infection
        
        Aspiration
    - - Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
      - Pneumonia
- - - - Congestion
        
        Fever
        
        Headache
  - - - Chronic illness
        
        Weak immune system
    - - A viral infection; There are many variations of this virus and it changes year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
      - Seasonal Flu
- - - - Blood in sputum
        
        Weight loss
  - - - Genetics
        
        Radon gas
        
        Smoking
    - - Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lung
      - Lung cancer
- - - - Targeted therapy
- - - - Weight loss and night sweats
        
        Fever and fatigue
        
        Tachycardic
        
        Asymptomatic
  - - - Weakened immune system
        
        Drug and alcohol abuse
    - - Bacterial infection in the respiratory system called by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      - Tuberculosis