Week 7: Revolution

Louis XIV (1774-1792): The Collapse of the Estates System

First Estate: Clergy .High and Low

Second Estate: Aristocracy .Versailles

The Feudal Estates

Third Estate: Populace : Merchants, Artisans, Shopkeepers, Peasants, Laborers

Clubs and Workshop

The October Days: Women’s March to Versailles (October 5, 1789

“Poor Javote” (1790)—representative of poor women

The Jacobin Club (May-June, 1789)--Republican

National Spinning Workshops for Women (May 1790-1795)

Petition of Women of the Third Estate (January 1, 1789)—Lack of Representation in Estates General

The Girondins:The “Moderates” and Women’s Right

Marquis de Condorcet and Girondin Liberalism (1790)

Olympe De Gouges (Marie Gouze), “Declaration of the Rights of Women” (1791)

The Rise of the “Radical” Jacobins: Georges Danton and Maximillian Robespierre

Timeline:(December 1792: de Gouges writes National Assembly that Louis XIV should be exiled not executed). (January 1793: Execution of Louis XIV) (April 1793: Formation of Committee of Public Safety).(July 13, 1793: Charlotte Corday and the assassination of Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat.) (July 17, 1793: Execution of Corday). (October 16, 1793: Execution of Marie Antoinette). November 3, 1793: Execution of de Gouges

The Haitian Revolution and Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803)

(1792—Free Blacks as Citizens) (1793-4—Slave Revolt in Haiti leading to abolition) (1794-1801—Toussaint joins French to fight the British and the Spanish) (1801—Constitution for whole island) (1802-3—Slavery Reestablished by Napoleon, Capture of Toussaint) (1804—Hatian Independence and Final Abolition of Slavery)

The Napoleonic Wars in Europe (1803-1815)

--Napoleon as Emperor (1804)--
Political Reform (Napoleonic Code, 1804)--
Peninsular War (1807-1814) and Guerrilla Resistance--Russian Campaign (1812)--
Surrender (1814) and Waterloo (1815)

Bourbon Reforms (from 1740’s) in the Spanish Empire

Mexico City: College of Mines and Royal Mining Court

Expulsion of Jesuit Order (1767)

Administrative Reforms Designed to Modernize American Colonies

Mexican Independence (1810)

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla begins War of Independence (1810-1821) (1810—Slavery ended or face death penalty, Native American tribute payments ended.) (1811—Execution of Hidalgo) (First Mexican Empire (1821-3) (Constitution of 1824: Mexican Republic or United Mexican States. Civil War, Invasion and Secessions (1824-1861)

Simon Bolivar in South America

1807—Returns to Venezuela as part of resistance to French puppet King of Spain (Joseph Bonaparte)• (1816—Lands in Venezuela with Haitian support) (1821—Creation of Gran Columbia (Venezuela, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador) (1824-5—Creation of Peru and Bolivia) (1830—Death of Bolivar) (1831—Breakup of Gran Columbia)