Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Julia Melendrez Respiratory System (breathing: movement…
Julia Melendrez Respiratory System
major structures & functions
upper respiratory tract
nose: supported by bone & cartilage provides an entrance for air in which air is filtered by coarse hairs inside the nostrils
pharynx: common passageway for air & food
larynx
thyroid cartilage; epiglottis partially covers opening into larynx
nasophrynx: superior region behind nasal cavity
orapharynx: middle region behind nasal cavity
lower respiratory tract
trachea
bronchi: right bronchus is wider, shorter & straighter
bronchioles
lungs
alveoli
distrubtion of air: filters,warms,humidifiers air
gas exchange: supplies oxygen & removes carbon dioxide
filters irritants from inspired air- eliminates through coughing &sneezing
enables sound production passes over the vocal cords
controls acid-base balance & blood ph
passage way for gas
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioli
breathing: movement of air outside the body into and out the lungs
inspiration: movement of air into lungs
expiration: movement of air out of lungs
diaphragm; flattens during inspiration
external intercostals : contraction moves ribs ans sternum upward and outward
surface tension: the lungs follow w/ the chest wall and expands
surfactants: keep alveoli from sticking
passive process: air moves out the lungs
expiration:thorax returns to its resting size and shape
forceful expiration: decrease the size of thoracic cavity
abdominal muscles: contraction elevates the diaphragm
internal muscles: contraction depresses rib cage
diffusion: passive movement down a concentration gradient
oxygen then blood stream and carbon dioxide and alveoli
oxygen: moves from alveoli into lung capillary
carbon dioxide: moves out lung capillary blood into alveolar air and out of body in expired air
respiratory volumes, capacities and types of breathing
lung volume
spirometry: measurement of different air volumes
tidal volume: air moved by one respiration
dead space volume: air remaining in bronchial tree
expiatory reserve volume: additional air expired during forced exhalation
carbon dioxide acts directly on medulla oblongata oxygen
respiratory disorders
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
chronic cough shortness of breath wheezing
tuberculosis:bacterial infection the respiratory system
pneumnia:bacterial infection of lungs
lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth& development of tumor in the lungs
seasonal flu: variations of the virus and changes rapidly
asthma: caused by chronically inflames bronchial caused by allergies
black lung: small stains & hard areas swelling develop in lungs as reaction to dust