Week 5: Crisis of Aristocracy
Guaman Poma (1535-1616) El primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno (the first new chronicle and good government) 
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Leviathan (1651)
Anthony, first earl of Shaftesbury & John Locke (1669)
Columbian Exchange
new agricultural systems and commodities (tobacco, sugar, chocolate and coffee)
"creole populations"
85-95% poulation decrease in americas by 17th century from disease
The Spanish Model
viceroyalties-Administrative divisions of an empire
child of nobility born during conquest
history of Peru: collab with and criticism of fray martin de Muruas
indigenous aristocracies and nationalism
Unification & independence of "Britain"
The creole constitution (1663)
types of labor in the Spanish Americas
Encomieda- conquistador grant of people and land
Repartimieto (1542+)- crown managed labor
Mita-Inca system of labor "season" transformed by Spanish to mining work
Hacienda- landowner manages workers
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)--persecution of Catholics & invasion of Ireland
James I (1603-1625): Union of crowns in 1603 (Scotland) creates :"Britain" and publishes bible
Henry VIII (1509-1547) & Act of supremacy (1534)--rise of the moderate Gentry
British Colonialism
Rebellions (1569-73, 1579-83) & the 9 years war (1594-1603)
Foundation of Ulster Plantation (1606-1641)
1536 Henry VIII's conquest begins
British Civil wars (1639-1660)
The english civil war (1642-1649)- Parliament vs the King
Execution of the King Charles I (1649)
The Irish Rebellion (1641)
Oliver Cromwell and the Interregnum (1649-1660)
The bishops wars in scotland (1639-40) covenanters
Charles II & the Restoration (1660)
Religious toleration of Catholics, Native Americans, Jews, & "heathens"
All freemen have "absolute power and authority" over slaves
Rule of law vs British unwritten constitution
Creates a landowner hereditary aristocracy
Political parties
In power (1668- 1674)
"Whig" party , 1678+
The CABAL: Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, Lauderdale
Enlightend Political systems (1689)
Glorious Revolution (1688-9): removes James II from English throne over issue of Catholic succession
Parliamentary Sovereignty: Parliament selects William of orange (dutch) and Mary (England) as joint Monarchs, demands a bill of rights