Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS (MENSTRUAL CYCLE (AFFECTING FACTORS (EMOTIONAL…

- - - - 2 GAMETES (OR SEX CELLS) FUSE TOGETHER TO FORM A FERTILISED CELL OR ZYGOTE
      - IT INVOLVES 2 PARENTS
      - EXAMPLE
        
        FERTILISATION
        
        A MALE GAMETE AND A FEMALE GAMETE FUSE TOGETHER TO FORM A ZYGOTE
        
        FOR EXAMPLE, REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
    - - One Parent
      - Example
        
        Budding
        
        A cell splits to produce a mother cell and a daughter cell .The mother cell is larger than the daughter cell.Eg:Yeast
        
        Fission
        
        A cell divides into two identical daughter cells.Eg:Bacteria and fungi.
      - Does not involve the fusion of gametes.
- - - - TO PRODUCE, STORE AND TRANSPORT SPERMS
      - TO DISCHARGE SPERMS INTO THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
      - TO PRODUCE AND SECRETE SEX HORMONES CALLED TESTOSTERONE
    - - URETHRA
        
        Carries urine and semen to the outside of the body at different times
      - SEMINAL VESICLES
        
        PRODUCE SEMEN
        
        MIXED WITH SPERMS
        
        PROVIDES NUTRIENTS AND
        
        LUBRICATES THE SPERMS
        
        TO FACILITATE THEIR MOVEMENT
        
        THICK AND WHITE SEMINAL FLUID
      - PENIS
        
        AN ORGAN WHICH DEPOSITS SEMEN CONTAINING SPERMS IN A WOMAN'S VAGINA DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
      - VAS DEFERENS (OR SPERM DUCT)
        
        CARRIES SPERMS FROM THE TESTES TO THE URETHRA
      - EPIDIDYMIS
        
        STORES SPERMS TEMPORARILY
      - TESTIS (PLURAL:TESTES)
        
        PRODUCES SPERMS AND MAKE MALE HORMONES CALLED TESTOSTERONE
      - SCROTUM
        
        ALOOSE SAC
        
        HOLDS TESTES OUTSIDE THE BODY
        
        MAINTAIN A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE BODY TEMPERATURE
        
        SPERMS CAN DEVELOP BETTER AT A LOWER TEMPERATURE
  - - - Produces mature eggs or ova(singular:ovum)
      - PRODUCES FEMALE SEX HORMONES
    - - ALLOWS FERTILISATION TO TAKE PLACE
      - Ovary
        
        Produces mature eggs or ova(singular:ovum)
        
        PRODUCES FEMALE SEX HORMONES
      - UTERUS
        
        ALLOWS IMPLANTATION OF EMBRYO FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
      - CERVIX
        
        A NARROW OPENING WHICH WIDENS DURING CHILDBIRTH
      - FALLOPIAN TUBES (OVIDUCT)
        
        ALLOWS FERTILISATION TO TAKE PLACE
      - VAGINA
        
        A MUSCULAR ORGAN WHERE SPERMS ARE DEPOSITED
  - - - SIZE
        
        SPERM
        
        SMALL
        
        EGG
        
        BIG
      - QUANTITY
        
        EGG
        
        RELEASED ONE IN EACH MONTH
        
        SPERM
        
        RELEASED IN MILLIONS IN EACH EJACULATION
      - NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES
        
        SPERM
        
        23
        
        EGG
        
        23
      - LOCATION OF NUCLEUS
        
        SPERM
        
        IN THE HEAD
        
        EGG
        
        IN THE CELL
      - MOVEMENT
        
        SPERM
        
        CAN MOVE ON ITS OWN WITH THE HELP OF THE TAIL
        
        EGG
        
        CANNOT MOVE ON ITS OWN
      - STRUCTURE
        
        SPERM
        
        DIVIDES INTO THREE PARTS-HEAD,MIDDLE PIECE AND TAIL
        
        EGG
        
        A SPHERICAL CELL
- - - - BETWEEN 10-12 YEARS OLD
    - - BETWEEN 12-14 YEARS OLD
  - - - PRODUCTION OF MATURE EGGS OR OVULATION STARTS
      - BREASTS ENLARGE AND HIPS BROADEN
      - GROWTH OF PUBIC HAIR AND ARMPIT HAIR
      - GROWTH SPURT(GROW SUDDENLY)
      - ONSET OF MENSTRUATION
    - - PRODUCTION OF SPERMS
      - PENIS AND TESTES INCREASE IN SIZE
      - VOICE DEEPENS
      - GROWTH OF PUBIC HAIR AND ARMPIT HAIR
      - GROWTH SPURT(GROW SUDDENLY)
  - - - OESTROGEN
      - PROGESTERONE
    - - TESTOSTERONE
- - - - SUBSEQUENTLY, THE EMBRYO EMBEDS ITSELF INTO THE UTERINE WALL. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED IMPLANTATION
      - THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE UTERINE LINING PROVIDE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR THE EMBRYO TO DEVELOP
      - ABOUT SEVEN DAY, THE EMBRYO REACHES THE UTERUS
      - AFTER A FEQW MONTHS, THE EMBRYO GROWS INTO A FOETUS WHICH IS AN UNBORN BABY
    - - A MATURE EGG IS ABOUT TP RELEASE FROM ONE OF THE OVARIES INTO THE FALLOPIAN TUBE WHICH IS KNOWN AS OVULATION
    - - THE ZYGOTE STARTS TO MOVE TOWARDS THE UTERUS WITH THE HELP OF THE TINY HAIRS ON THE WALL OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE
      - AT THE SAME TIME, THE ZYGOTE STARTS TO DIVIDE INTO A BALL OF CELLS CALLES EMBRYO
    - - DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEMEN WHICH CONTAINS MILLIONS OF SPERMS IS DISCHARGED IN THE VAGINA
      - THE FERTILISED EGG IS CALLED ZYGOTE. ITS NUCLEUS CONTAINS 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES AFTER FUSION OF BOTH NUCLEI FROM THE MALE AND FEMALE GAMETES
      - THE SPERMS SWIM TOWARDS THE Fallopian tube FROM THE VAGINA TO MEET THE MATURE EGG
      - ONLY ONE SPERM CAN PENETRATE AND FERTILISE IT
      - THE EGG IS SURROUNDED BY MILLIONS OF SPERMS
  - - - GENES ARE SPECIAL CARRIERS OF HUMAN TRAITS
        
        HENCE THE CHILDREN INHERIT CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS FROM EACH PARENT WHICH IS HEREDITARY
  - - - TO DELIVER NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN TO THE FOETUS
      - TO REMOVE WASTE SUBSTANCES AND CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE BABY
- - - - UTERINE LINING WILL COLLAPSE AND SHED
  - - - THE PERIODIC SHEDDING OF THE UTERINE LINING.IT IS THE FIRST SIGN OF PUBERTY IN GIRLS
    - - THE RELEASE OF A MATURE EGG INTO THE FALLOPIAN TUBE FROM ONE OF THE OVARIES
    - - DAY 6-10
        
        THE UTERINE LINING STARTS TO REPAIR AND THICKEN DUE TO THE EFFECT OF OESTROGEN.
      - DAY 18-28
        
        THE UTERINE LINING IS MAINTAINED AND CONTINUES TO THICKEN TO PREPARE FOR IMPLANTATION DUE TO THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE
        
        IF FERTILISATION TAKES PLACE,THE THICKENED UTERINE LINING IS MAINTAINED.THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DISCONTINUES UNTIL THE BABY IS BORN
        
        IF THERE IS NO FERTILISATION,A NEW MENSTRUAL CYCLE BEGINS.
      - DAY 1-5
        
        THE UTERINE LINING,BLOOD AND THE UNFERTILISED EGG ARE DISCHARGED THROUGH THE VAGINA TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY.
      - DAY 11-17
        
        THE EGG IS RELEASED INTO THE FALLOPIAN TUBE FOR POSSIBLE FERTILISATION
        
        AN EGG CAN SURVIVE ABOUT 48 HOURS
        
        HENCE,DAY 11 TO 17 ARE CALLED THE FERTILE PERIOD BECAUSE A WOMAN IS LIKELY TO GET PREGNANT IS SHE HAS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
        
        OVULATION USUALLY OCCURS ON DAY 14 OF THE CYCLE.A MATURE EGG IS EXPECTED TO RELEASE FROM ONE OF THE OVARIES.