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Respiratory System by: Coraima Lagunas (organs & location (nasal…
Respiratory System by: Coraima Lagunas
anatomy
lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli
upper respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, larynx
organs & location
nasal cavity (upper tract): sense of smell
paranasal sinuses: open to the nasal cavity lined with mucus membrane
trachea (windpipe)(lower tract): connects larynx with brochi, mucous membrane trap incoming particles, keep the airway open
larynx (upper tract):keep particles from entering the trachea; houses vocal chords
lungs (lower tract): air passages, alveoli, nerves,blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and connective tissues, between diaphragm and thoracic cage
pharynx (throat)(upper tract):common passageway for air and food
alveoli (lower tract): gas exchange (air sacs)
nose (upper tract): provides an entrance for air in which air is filtered by coarse hairs inside the nostrils
bronchial tree (upper tract): warm, moisten, and filter incoming air, primary bronchi in lungs, secondary bronchi into lobe, tertiary bronchi in each lobe segment
Major functions
provides sound production as air passes through vocal chords
controls acid-base balance
gas exchange: supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
olfacion (smell)
distributes air: filters, warms, and humidifies
differences between the right and left lung/primary bronchi
left lung: two lobes and is longer and narrower
right lung: shorter because the liver under the ribcage, but it is broader; three lobes
left primary bronchi: thinner and longer divides into two lobar bronchi,
right primary bronchi: wider, shorter three lobar bronchi
breathing mechanism
expiration: air into lungs
inspiration: air into lungs
definitions of lung capacity terminology
expiratory reserve volume: additional air during forced exhalation
residual volume: amount of air left in alveoli after forced expiration
inspiratory reserve volume: additional air taken in during maximal inhalation
dead space volume: air in bronchial tree not involving gas exchange
tidal volume: normal inhalation and exhalation
inspirational capacity: tv and irv
functional residual capacity: erv and rv
vital: tv and irv and erv
total lung capacity: sum of all volumes
internal and
external respiration
external: close proximity of capillaries in the lungs allows exchange of gases between blood and alveoli by diffusion
internal: oxygen moves out of blood in the capillary and into tissue cell;carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells into capillary blood
disorders of the respiratory system
tuberculosis: bacterial infection in respiratory system
pneumothorax: collapsed lung
seasonal flu: a viral infection
asthma: chronically inflamed bronchial passages caused by allergens
black lung disease: disease from inhaling coal dust
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; bronchitis and asthma
pneumonia: bacterial/viral infection of lungs
lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumor (smokers lung)