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Weeks 6 & 7, POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS (World Historical Aspects of the…
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POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS
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3) End of Confessionalism (Thirty Years War, 1618-48)-- religious freedom vs. religious toleration
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merchants, artisans, shopkeepers, peasants, laborers
Declaration of the rights of man and citizen (august 26, 1789; US Bill of Rights August 21) (Paris, France)
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-petition of women of the third estate (jan 1, 1789)-- lack of representation in estates general
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-The October Days: women's march to versailles (oct. 5, 1789)
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-Olympe De Gouges (Marie Gouze), "Declaration of the Rights of Women" (1791)
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-1802-3-- slavery reestablished by Napoleon, capture of Toussaint
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-Napoleon as emperor(1804)--political reform (napoleonic code, 1804)--Peninsular War (1807-1814) and Guerrilla resistance--Russian campaign (1812)--Surrender (1814) and Waterloo (1815)
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Etta Palm d' Aelders, "Address of the French Citizens to the National Assembly" (Summer, 1791)
- the unfairness of the rights of men and women
Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803) with the National Assembly of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), Constitution, ratified July 1801
Enlightened Absolutism
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-Louisiana or New France Cedes to Britain and France in Seven Years War. Napoleon reclaims Spanish part, 1801-1803
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1789: 500,000 slaves, sugar and some tobacco
The "Second Hundred Years War" (1688-1815) Britain, France, and the growth of the Fiscal-Military state:
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-The emperor Kangxi sponsored many printing projects including a comprehensive dictionary, encyclopedias, and technical projects for color printing and copperplate engraving.
-Unlike Japan or Britain, the use of printing and literacy remained largely confined to the elite.
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-The "prosperous age"-- expanding empire, population growth, growing cultivation, national market, export growth.
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Immanuel Kant, "What is Enlightenment" (1784)
According to Kant, enlightenment was man's release from “self-incurred tutelage.” Enlightenment was the process by which men could rid themselves of intellectual slavery after centuries of bondage. Men would achieve enlightenment only when they become free of intellectual guardianship, and learn to “dare to think”.
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The James Somerset Case (1772)- black man in England; people try to reinslave him; they go to court about this issue.
Enlightenment:
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-Peter also founded a new port (1703) and capital (1712) on the Baltic Sea, which he laid out in a geometric pattern.
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Enlightenment and Slavery: The British, Dutch, French, and Portuguese Colonies
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1810--slavery ended or face death penalty, Native American tribute payments ended.
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constitution of 1824: Mexican republic or united Mexican states. Civil war, invasion, and secessions (1824-1861)
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Enlightenment, Absolutism, and slavery
Joseph Wright of Derby," An experiment on a bird in the air pump," (1768)
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Locke, "Reasons for tolerating the papists equally with others" (1667-8)
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Anthony Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke, "Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina," (1669)
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-religious toleration of Catholics, Native Americans, Jews, and 'Heathens'.
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