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Week 3-4 ((((The Dutch Republic (1568-1609) breaking from Spanish…

- - - - The Dutch Republic (1568-1609) breaking from Spanish Dominance
        
        The Dutch Revolt (1576) against Spain and the English alliance (1585)
        
        Domination by towns—Staatholder versus Prince of Orange
        
        The Calvinist Synod of Dort (1618-19): Total depravity and unconditional election
        
        “Britain” (1588-1603) breaking from Spanish Dominance
        
        The Church of England
        
        Henry VIII (1509-1547) and Act of Supremacy (1534)----Rise of the moderate “Gentry.”
        
        Elizabeth I (1558-1603)--Persecution of Catholics and invasion of Ireland.
        
        James I (1603-1625): Union of Crowns in 1603 (Scotland) creates “Britain” and publishes Bible
        
        Civil War (1640/2-1649): Execution of the King Charles I (1625-1649)
        
        Tokugawa Japan (1603)
        
        “Shogun” Tokugawa Ieyasu (1600-1687)
        
        established military government called the bakufu to prevent civil war
        
        needed to control feudal daimyo, powerful lords ruling most of Japan with vast landholdings in rice
        
        Rise of merchants—Set prices in Osaka
        
        The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century
        
        The Thirty Years War (1618-1648): Confessional Nations and Disintegration of the Spanish Empire in Europe
        
        The Ming-Qing Cataclysm (1644): Empire Enlarged
        
        Zen Buddhism constrained, Urbanization and the “floating world” of commercial entertainment in Tokugawa Japan.
        
        “Calendar Maker’s Wife” from Five Sensuous Women, v. 3 (1682)—set in Kyoto (different volumes, different cities)
        
        “In the Past on Credit, Now Cash Down” and “All the Goodness Gone from Tea” from Japan’s Eternal Storehouse: Fortune, Gospel of the New Self-Made Man (1688)
      - The Silver Cycle:
      - The Americas, Japan and the First Global Economy
      - The Mines of Potosi (1545) and Zacatecas (1546)
      - Mines in Japan (1540’s)
      - Manila in the Philippines (1571)
- - - - 6 more items...
        
        Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541) and the Inka
        
        Tawantinsuyu (“Four Provinces”) or “Inka” Empire (1428-1529)—hegemonic empire like Mongols
        
        Pizarro brothers arrive (1526), introduce smallpox but forced to turn back
        
        Inca Civil War: Huáscar and Atahualpa (1529-1532)
        
        Pizarro returns (1531), captures Atahualpa (1532), takes Cuzco (1533), Manco Inka begins resistance (1536)
        
        Assassination of Francisco Pizarro (1541) and Manco Inka (1544), execution of Gonzalo Pizarro (1548)
        
        Death of the last Inka, Tupac Amaru (1572)
        
        Hernán Cortés (1485-1547) and La Malinche (ca. 1496/1501-ca. 1529/50)
        
        Cortés arrives in Tabasco, given La Malinche as a wife/slave/translator, marches to Tenochtitlan, (1519)
        
        Capture of Moctezuma II, Night of Sorrows and death of Moctezuma II, retreat to Tlaxcala (1520)
        
        Smallpox epidemic (1521), 900 Spanish and 75,000 rebel allies besiege and capture city
        
        The Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs (1521) and the Inkas (1534)
        
        The Triple Alliance (aka. Aztecs, 1428-1521) in central Mexico
        
        Tawantinsuyu Empire (aka. Inka, 1438-1532/72) along the Andes in South America
        
        Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
        
        Published in Latin as a “theory”
        
        Challenges model of Ptolemy inherited from the Romans and Greeks.
        
        Saves Aristotle’s idea that planets travel in circles
        
        Dedicated to the Pope but associated with Lutheranism because of Protestant German princes.
        
        1517: Sends the “95 Theses” to the Archbishop of Mainz:
        
        1) SOLA SCRIPTURA: “Scripture alone” provides authority for questions of religious orthodoxy.
        
        2) SOLA FIDES: “Faith alone” is required for salvation. But Luther had to add “sola” (alone) to his translation of Romans 3:28, leading to charges that he was changing the Bible.
        
        Charles V had him declared a “notorious heretic” and outlaw in 1521.
        
        Martin Luther 1483-1546
      - The Short-Lived Florentine Republic
      - The Age of the Medici: The Medici family, rich from trade and banking, dominated Florence for much of the 15th and 16th centuries.
      - The Florentine Republic (1494-1512): Established as a result of the Medici’s failure to stop a French invasion of Italy in 1494.