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Week - ((The Neolithic Revolution—Agriculture Emerges 10,000-12,000 years…
Week -
The Neolithic Revolution—Agriculture Emerges 10,000-12,000 years ago.
The Neolithic Revolution is another word for the development of agriculture (“new stone age”).
There were two “Neolithic revolutions”:
Europe, Asia and Africa (wheat and rice)
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Cycles of plenty, which lead to collapse through overpopulation, famine and disease
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Islam is a complex religion, and like Christianity it has many different forms of practice. Most Moslems, however, believe in what are called the “Five Pillars”:
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Palma, Majorca, island part of the Kingdom of Aragon
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Christopher Columbus (b. ca. 1451, Genoa; d. 1506). First voyage (1492) after conquest of Grenada by Ferdinand and Isabella
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Arrested after 3rd voyage and denied governorship in 1500, 4th and last voyage in 1502.
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Conquest of the Islamic kingdom Grenada (1492), the expulsion of Jews and Moslems (1492) and the departure of Columbus (1492)
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Safaviyya—Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, Persians as Sufis in Ardabil Shrine
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Piri Reis (ca. 1470-1553), nephew of Kemal Reis
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Kitāb-ı Baḥrīye (“Book of the Sea”) presented to Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566), 290 maps.
Three Seas--Mediterranean, Red Sea and Persian Gulf (NOT the Atlantic or Indian Oceans)
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(1100-1165), world map ca. 1150.
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8 copies survive (oldest is 1325 from Maghreb, copies made in Cairo, Istanbul)
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1507-1511: Afonso de Albuquerque to Ormuz (Persian Gulf, 1507), Goa (India, 1510) and Malacca (Southeast Asia, 1511)
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Edward Gibbon (Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1789): key historical turning point.
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53-day siege, already conquered rest of empire.
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Ottomans vs. Venetians, first significant use of cannons on ships.
Kemal Reis (1451-1511, aka. “Chmali”, “reis” means Admiral), Turkish privateer, defense and rescue of Jews and Moslems at Granada (1492)
Admiral 1495, new flagship the Göke has 700 soldiers, cannons, sail and galley power.
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Battle of Lepanto (1571), Venetians + Spanish (“Holy League”) defeat Ottoman navy.
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Buddhism (Light Brown and Green): The first religion to use printing to expand. Went from India into China, Japan and Southeast Asia.
Islam (Purple): Expanded into North Africa, the Middle East, India, central Russia and Southeast Asia
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Continued after his death (1227) to expand into China, Islamic territories, and Europe.
Mixture of religions, including Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism.
The Mongols End Abbasid rule and the Islamic caliphate. Increasingly
converted to Islam and began to use Persian in Arabic script to rule.
By the late 13th century the empire, the largest in history, breakning apart due to civil wars
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Continued after his death (1227) to expand into China, Islamic territories, and Europe.
Mixture of religions, including Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism. The Mongols End Abbasid rule and the Islamic caliphate. Increasingly converted to Islam and began to use Persian in Arabic script to rule.
By the late 13th century the empire, the largest in history, breakning apart due to civil wars
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Yongle Emperor (1402-1424): Capital moved to Beijing (1403-1421), Grand Canal rebuilt (1411-1415)
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Post-Mongol (1368): Gunpowder requires and enables stable, expansive, bureaucratic Islamic empires
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Theravada Buddhism expanded along maritime trade routes (the Maritime Silk Road) to the southeast into Southeast Asia
Islam began with the “recitations” (Qu’ran) by the angel Gabriel to the prophet Mohammed in 610 in a cave near the city of Mecca.
Writings in classical Arabic that were a kind of third testament to the “People of the Book” (Jews, Christians and Moslems)
Islam spread rapidly in the southern half of the old Roman Empire and then into Persia and along the Silk Road into Afghanistan and India.
black plague started in china and got to europe by the silk roads. OR it came out of the black sea and only affected europe and north africa.
