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Respiratory System Abigail Pratt Period 4 (Anatomy (Upper/Lower) (Nasal…
Respiratory System Abigail Pratt Period 4
Major Functions
Take in oxygen, process it through gas exchanges, work with the cardiovascular system to oxygenate the body.
Anatomy (Upper/Lower)
Nasal Cavity (Upper)
Paranasal Sinuses (Upper)
Pharynx (Upper)
Larynx (Partially upper, partially lower)
Trachea (Lower)
Bronchi (Lower)
Bonchioles (Lower)
Lungs (Lower)
Diaphram (Technically excluded, lower)
Right vs. Left
Bronchi
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus, its mean length is 1.09 cm. It enters the root of the right lung at approximately the fifth thoracic vertebra.
Lungs
The lungs are not equal in size. The right lung is shorter, because the liver sits high, tucked under the rib cage, but it is broader than the left. Each lung is separated into lobes branching off the main bronchus; the right lung has three lobes, while the left has only two lobes.
Breathing Mechanism
The contraction or relaxation of muscles around the lungs changes the total volume of air within the air passages (bronchi, bronchioles) inside the lungs.
Lung Capacity Terminology
Tidal (TV)
Amount in/exhaled in a normal, resting breath
Inspiratory Reserve (IRV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after tidal
Expiratory Reserve (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after tidal
Residual Volume (RV)
Amount of air left in the lungs after force expiration
Inspiratory Capacity
TV + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
RV + ERV
Vital Capacity (VC)
TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Internal vs. External Respiration
External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air.
Internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells.
Disorders
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Seasonal Flu
A viral infection; many varieties of the virus, changes rapidly from year to year, which changes the severity.