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Respiratory System (Paranasal Sinuses (Cavities within bones
Frontal,…
Respiratory System
Paranasal Sinuses
Cavities within bones
- Frontal, Sphenoid Ethmoid, Maxillary bone
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Pulmonary Ventilation
Movement of air in lungs; depends on pressure differences
- Before inspiration, pressure in lungs is 760 mm Hg
Inspiration: Flow of air into lungs
- Breathing in
- Pressure of atmosphere < Pressure in lungs
- Size of thoracic cavity increases and pressure decreases
- Diaphragm moves up
- Ribs move up and sternum forward
Forced Inhalation: Scalene muscles, sternocleidomastoid, & pectoralis minor
Expiration: air leaving lungs
- Pressure of atmosphere > Pressure in lungs
Passive Process: Diaphragm & ribs muscles relax
- Elastic recoil of stretched elastic fibers of lungs decrease lung volume and increase pressure, forcing air out of lungs
Forced Expiration: Contraction of intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
Pharynx(throat)
- Muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
3 Regions of the Pharynx
- Nasopharynx: Superior region behind nasal cavity (Passage of air only)
- Oropharynx: Middle region behind mouth
- Laryngopharynx: Inferior region attached to larynx
Respiratory Zone
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Alveoli(Air Sacs)
- Out-pouching of alveolar duct
- Sites of gas exchange surrounded by capillaries
- Produce surfactant(coats alveolar surfaces) allows alveoli to expand)
Gas Exchange
Between alveoli & capillaries
- Oxygen enters blood
- Carbon dioxide enters alveoli
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Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose, Nasa Cavity, Sinuses & Pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial tree & Lungs
Function:
- Gas Excahnge between blood & external Environment
- Passageways to lungs purify, warm, & humidify the incoming air
Nose
- Air enters nose through External Nares(Nostrils)
- Nasal Cavity(interior of nose) divided by Nasal Septum(Wall)
Nasal Cavity
- Olfactory Receptors(Sense of Smell) located in mucosa on superior surface(Roof of nasal cavity)
- Rest lined with respiratory mucosa
Moistens air
Traps incoming foreign particles*
- Lateral walls have conchae
> increases surface area
> increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity
Trachea(Windpipe)
- Fairly rigid because of C-shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage(To keep airway open 24/7)
- lined w/ ciliated mucosa
Beat continuously in opposite direction of incoming air
Mucus loaded w/ dust & other debris away from lungs
Primary Bronchi
- Formed by division of Trachea
- Enters lungs at hilus
- Right Bronchus is WIDER, Shorter, & Straighter than left, due to presence of heart on left side
- Bronchi sub divided into smaller & smaller branches
Lungs
- Occupy most of thoracic cavity
- Apex is near clavicle (Superior Portion)
- Base rests on diaphragm(inferior)
- Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
Conducting Zone
Passage way for gas
- Primary bronchi
- Secondary bronchi
- Tertiary Bronchi
- Bronchioli
- Terminal bronchioli(end of alveoli)
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