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Week 5-7 (((((Zen Values Challenged Ihara Saikaku (1642-1693) (Zen…

- - - - Zen Values Challenged
        Ihara Saikaku (1642-1693)
        
        Zen Buddhism constrained, Urbanization and the “floating world” of commercial entertainment in Tokugawa Japan.
        
        “Calendar Maker’s Wife” from Five Sensuous Women, v. 3 (1682)—set in Kyoto (different volumes, different cities)
        
        “In the Past on Credit, Now Cash Down” and “All the Goodness Gone from Tea” from Japan’s Eternal Storehouse: Fortune, Gospel of the New Self-Made Man (1688)
        
        Enlightened Political Systems: The First Public King? (1689)
        
        Glorious Revolution (1688-9) removes James II from English throne over issue of Catholic succession
        
        Parliamentary Sovereignty: Parliament selects William of Orange (Dutch) and Mary (England) as joint monarchs, demands a bill of rights.
      - Anthony Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke, “Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina,” (1669)
      - Creates a landowner hereditary aristocracy
      - Religious toleration of Catholics, Native Americans, Jews and ‘heathens.’
      - All freemen have “absolute power and authority” over slaves.
      - Rule of law vs. British unwritten constitution
- - - - The Problem of Political and Religious Authority:
        
        British Civil Wars (1639-1660)
        
        The Bishop’s Wars in Scotland (1639-40)—Presbyterian Covenanters vs. Anglicans
        
        The Irish Rebellion (1641)—Anglicans and Presbyterians vs. Catholics
        
        The English Civil War (1642-1649)—Presbyterian Parliament vs. the Anglican King
        
        Execution of the King Charles I (1649)
        
        Oliver Cromwell and the Interregnum (1649-1660)
        
        Charles II and the Restoration (1660)
      - Types of Labor in the Spanish Americas
      - Mita—Inca system of labor, “season,” transformed by Spanish to mining work
      - Encomienda—Conquistador grant of people and land
      - Repartimiento (1542+)—Crown-managed labor service, managed by crown official (esp. New Spain)
      - Hacienda—landowner manages workers (esp. New Spain)
- - - - 6 more items...
        
        Peter the Great
        
        (1682-1725) and Learning
        
        Capture of Azov in Black Sea From Ottomans (1696)
        
        “Grand Embassy” (1697-1698) to Europe
        
        Adoption and Printing of Julian Calendar (1700-9)
        
        Emperor (1721)
        
        Chen Hongmou (1696-1771) and Good Government
        
        “statecraft school” of Neo-Confucianism
        
        Women and non-Han Chinese should receive same education as Han Chinese men
        
        The “prosperous age”—expanding empire, population growth, growing cultivation, national market, export growth.
        
        “On Substantive Learning”
        
        Qing Printing Projects
        
        The Emperor Kangxi sponsored many printing projects including a comprehensive dictionary, encyclopedias, and technical projects for color printing and copperplate engraving.
        
        Unlike Japan or Britain, the use of printing and literacy remained largely confined to the elite.
        
        Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) Absolutism in China
        
        The Scholar-Emperor Kangxi (1661-1722) was the first great Manchu emperor
        
        Europeans restricted to Canton
        
        Paying for Global Navies
        
        The Bank of England (1694)
        
        The Mississippi and South Sea Stock Bubbles (1720)
        
        The Seven Years War (1756-1763)
        
        Global war in three theaters: many actors
        
        Struggle between Britain and France over empire
        
        Huge Debt Burden
      - The French Empire in 1742
      - Louisiana or New France (green)—1682-1762. Fur trade. Cedes to Britain and France in Seven Years War. Napoleon reclaims Spanish part, 1801-1803.
      - Saint-Domingue (Haiti, 1659)
      - Spanish Colony until 1697: 2000 slaves
      - 1789: 500,000 slaves, sugar and some tobacco