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6.1 water resources and usage https://app.peardeck.com/student/tbirjimmi

- - - - glaciers/ice caps:68.6%
      - groundwater:30.1% (biggest source of drinkable water)
        
        freshwater in spaces between layers
        
        top collection is water table
        
        aquifers: underground layer of water permeable rock materials
        
        caverns w rivers
        
        large long sponges
        
        recharged by
        
        precipitation
        
        lakes, streams, rivers
        
        unconfined: water seeps from ground above it
        
        confined: impermeable rock prevents water seep into it from ground above
        
        artesian well: doesnt require pump/pressure for water to come up
      - surface water/other freshwater:1.3%
        
        ice/snow:73.1%
        
        lakes:20.1%
        
        soil moisture: 3.52%
        
        swamps/marshes:2.53%
        
        rivers: 0.46%
        
        bio water: 0.22%
        
        atmospheric water: 0.22%
  - - - overload with pollutants
      - take it away from underground
      - surface wastes faster than nature restores it
      - problems:
        
        environment:
        
        fail water tables
        
        shrink lakes
        
        wetlands disappear
        
        water pollution
        
        reduced fish pop
        
        extinctions
        
        degraded ecosystems
        
        economy
        
        food production threats
        
        energy threats
        
        national/global security:
        
        tensions between nations over water access increase
        
        global health
        
        World Health Organization WHO: 4100ppl die of thrist or water disease/day
        
        equality/poberty:
        
        WHO: 52% of ppl have water services at home
  - - - India
      - USA
      - China
- - - - efficient water use
      - subsidize water conservation
      - limit well numbers
      - no water invasive crop growth in dry areas
    - - raise price ro discourage waste
      - tax water pumped from wells near surface water
      - build rain gardens in urbans
      - permeable use on pavement materials
- - - - capture/store runoff from river
      - control floods
      - make electricity
      - recreational use
        
        swimming
        
        fishing
        
        boating
      - 6/10 of rivers have 1 dam=800k worldwide
      - increase 33% of reliable runoff/year
      - provide for 50% of irrigated cropland/supply 50% electricity in 65 countries
      - problems:
        
        downrivers dramatic water increase
        
        80% dry up before reaching sea
        
        1/5 fish/plants extinct due to dams reducing water flow
        
        upriver flooded
        
        displaces communities
        
        terrestrial habitats destroyed cz floods
        
        reservoirs not useful for long
        
        full of deposits:mud/silt make it useless for drink/energy=useless after 50 yrs
        
        climate change=lower water levels
  - - - habitat reduction
      - pollutants not diluted/flushed out
- - - - high cost
      - chem use
      - waste salt
- - - - athtubs
      - showers
      - sinks
      - dishwashers
      - clothes washers
- - - - vegetation that absorbs water/protects soil removed
      - wetlands drained