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Unit 10 PT Natalie Green (Chemical Rates (Collision Theory: the greater…
Unit 10 PT Natalie Green
Chemical Rates
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Collision Theory: the greater the rate of effective collisions, the greater the reaction rate is
Temperature: increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles, which causes reacting particles to collide more frequently
Surface Area: greater surface area allows particles to collide with many more particles per unit of time, which causes the reaction rate to increase
Concentration: when concentrations are increased, more molecules are available to collide, which means that collisions occur more frequently
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Rate Law: an equation that expresses the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of the reactants, not the products
Rate-determining step: the slowest step of a chemical reaction that determines the speed (rate) of the overall reaction
Equilibrium: a state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates
Characteristics of a chemical equilibrium: rate of forward reaction and rate of reverse reaction are equal to each other
Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction; they lower the activation energy
Heterogeneous catalyst: a type of catalyst whose state of matter differs from the state of the reactants or products
Homogeneous catalyst: a type of catalyst whose state of matter is the same as he reactants or products
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Factors that affect equilibrium: temperature, concentration, & surface area
Le Chatelier's Principle: if stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress : :
stress: any kind of change in the system that upsets the equilibrium (ex. changing temperature, changing pressure, changing concentration, and/or adding a catalyst)
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