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Social Influence (Conformity (Asch (1951,1955): Test of conformity.…
Social Influence
Conformity
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Deutsch and Gerard (1955), 2-process theory
Informational Social influence (ISI) - wanting to be right, assuming others know better than us
Research support. More conformity to incorrect maths answers, when they were more difficult, as predicted by ISI
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Asch (1951,1955): Test of conformity.
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Conformity increased up to group size of four. Dissenter reduced conformity. Conformity increased when task was harder.
Research found less conformity in 1980 than 1950, artificial situation + task (demand characteristics), only conducted on american men.
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Obedience
Situational variables
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Research support (Bickman), Lack of internal validity, cross-culture replications, control of variables
Milgrim (1963)
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65% gave highest shock of 450V, 100% gave shocks up to 300V, many showed signs of anxiety.
Low internal validity, good external validity (nurse study), supporting replication (game of death), ethical issues, Social Identity Theory
Situational variables
Proximity - obedience decreased to 40% when teacher could here learner, and to 30% in touch proximity condition
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