Cardiovascular System
Layers of the heart
Anatomy of the heart
blood flow through the heart and the body
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Major arteries and veins
structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
disorders of the cardiovascular system
transport nutrients
travels hormones to cells
oxygen
gets rid of waste
- enters through the superior/inferior vena cava -> goes to the right atrium -> through the tricupsid valve -> to the right ventricle -> pulmonic semilunar valve -> to the lungs -> back into the pulmonary veins -> to the left atrium -> to the bicuspid valve -> to left ventricle -> to the aortic semilunar valve -> to the aorta -> to the rest of the body
vein: carry blood to the heart and tends to be bigger/ thicker
artery: give blood to body, away from the heart and carry high blood pressure
both: lumen, tunica intima, tunica media(thicker in veins), tunica adventitia
myocardium: cardiac muscle tissue (middle layer)
endocardium: simple squamous epithelium (last layer)
epicardium: thin layer of connective tissue (outer layer)
heart: cardiac muscle tissue; 4 chambers (right/left atrium; thin wall), (right/left ventricle thick wall)
blood vessels: network of tubes (arteries, capillaries, and veins
blood: plasma, erythrocytes RBC, leukocytes WBC, platelets
apex: toward left hip
base: toward right shoulder
tricupsid valve and bicupsid valve
semilunar vales (pulmonary and aortic)
heartbeat sounds: atrioventricular valves (cordae tendonae)
heartbeat is regular and rhythmic; subdivided into systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation); stroke volume; cardiac output
ECG: electrical signals, electrocardiogram; p-waves; QRS complex; t-wave
cerebrovascular accident (stroke): blood flow to the brain that is interrupted
congenital heart disease: issue with heart structure/function, usually at birth
peripheral artery disease: arteries narrow/reduce blood flow
myocardial infraction (heart attack): blood flow heart is blocked
*endocarditis and myocarditis: inflammation in the heart
*veins: ulnar, inferior/superior vena cava, subclavian, common iliac, brachiocephalic, external/internal jugular, external/internal iliac, radial, great saphenous, brachial, basilic, axillary, cephalic, femoral
artery: fibular, common iliac, ascending aorta, subclavian, brachiocephalic trunk, axillary, thoracic aorta, common carotid, aortic arch, radial, anterior tibial, ulnar, abdominal aorta, brachial, femoral