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Cardiovascular System - Thomas Cruz P.4 (Anatomy of the heart (Ascending…
Cardiovascular System - Thomas Cruz P.4
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
Regulation
maintains normal pH in body tissues, many blood proteins and other blood borne solutes act as buffers to prevent excessive or abrupt changes in blood pH that could jeopardize normal cell activities
maintain adequate fluid volume in the circulator system
maintains appropriate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat throughout the body and to the skin surface to encourage heat loss
Protection
preventing infection, help defend the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses
preventing blood loss
Transport
delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tracts to all body cells
transports metabolic waste products from cells to elimination sites
transports hormones from the endocrine organs to their target organs
Anatomy of the heart
Ascending Aorta
Left Pulmonary Veins
Left Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Trunk
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Auricle of Left Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Right Pulmonary Veins
Aortic Arch
Right Atriums
Left Subclavian Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Common Carotid Artery
Right Coronary Artery
Brachiophalic trunk
Left Coronary Artery
Small Cardiac Vein
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Marginal Artery
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Great Cardiac Vein
Anterior Cardiac Vein
Apex
Layers of the
heart
Myocardium
middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart
Cardiac Skeleton
reinforces the myocardium internally and anchors the cardiac muscle fiber
Epicardium
visceral layer of the serous pericardium, infiltrated with fat, especially in older people
Endocardium
third layer, glistening white sheet of endothelium resting on a thin connective tissue layer
blood flow through the heart and body
Right Side - Pulmonary Circuit
receives oxygen, poor blood from body tissues and then pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen, pulmonary circuit
Left Side - Systemic Circuit
receives the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, systemic circuit
Major arteries and veins of the body
Arteries
Anterior interventricular Artery
follows the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies bood to interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
Posterior interventricular Artery
runs to the heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls
Circumflex Artery
supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle
Right Marginal Artery
serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of the heart
Left Coronary Artery
runs toward the left side of the heart
Right Coronary Artery
courses to the right side of the heart
Veins
Small Cardiac Vein
running along the heart's right inferior margin
Middle Cardiac Vein
posterior interventricular sulcus
Anterior Cardiac Veins
paths follow those of the coronary arteries
Great Cardiac Vein
anterior interventricular sulcus
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Erythrocytes
Structure; red blood cells, small cells, about 7.5 in diameter; shaped like biconcave discs, flattened discs with depressed centers
Function: completely dedicated to their job of transporting respiratory gases
Leukocytes
Function: crucial to our defense against disease, form a mobile arm that helps protect the body from damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, and tumor cells.
Structure:white blood cells, only formed elements that are complete cells, with nuclei and the usual organelles
intrinsic factors
Propagation to AV bundle
Splitting into bundle branches
Stimulation of Atrioventricular Node
Propagation of fibers
Stimulation of sinoatrial node
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
As pressure in ventricle rises above major arteries, blood pushes open the valve and moves into the aorta for ejection
The closure of the aortic valve leads to the onset of filling by the opening of the metric valve
Heart valves are closed, ventricles contract but no volume change occurs
During filling, pressure within the right atrium increases which pushes blood into the right ventricle
Blood is forced into ventricles and the blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular Accident
blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
Peripheral Artery Disease
Artery narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Congenital Heart Disease
issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
Myocardial Infarction
blood flow to part of the heart is blocked