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Leaves (Anatomy and morphology of leaf types (succulent leaves (families…
Leaves
Anatomy and morphology of leaf types
succulent leaves
they are adapted to dry ecosystem
thick and fleshy
reduce surface area
water conservation
mesophyll
few air spaces
families
Portulaceae
Crassulaceae
Aizoaceae
bud scales
provides protection
corky
provides extra protection
petioles are short and absent
they are not involved in photosynthetic activities
tendrils
function is the support other leaves
modified leaf
grows indefinitely
detrimental lamina
sclerophyllus foliage leaves
produce sugar by photosynthesis
perennial leaves
exists in plants for more than two years
they are soft, flexible and edible
leaf with Kranz Anatomy
no pallisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll
has bundle sheaths
made up of large chlorophyll cells
occurs in plants that use C4 for photosynthesis
adapted to the environment (arid)
Internal Structure of foliage leaves
#
Epidermis
cuticle
transpiration
epidermal cells
flat, tubular
trichomes
guard cells
Stomata
prevalent in lower epidermis
Vascular tissue
lateral veins emerge into narrow veins
water moves by capillary action
located between pallisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll
Petiole
have more vascular bundles called leaf traces
two small flaps called stipules
they are massive in plants
Mesophyll
Pallisade mesophyll
main photosynthetic tissue in most plants
Spongy mesophyll
allows carbon dioxide to diffuse
loose aerenchyma
ground tissues
External Structure of foliage leaves
#
petiole
long petiole
stalk
holds the blade out of the sun
lead
lacks petiole
aeonium
veins
parallel venation
reticulate venation
function
distributes water to the cell
collect sugars produced byphotosynthesis
transports sugars to stem
Leaf blade
simple
compound
palmately compound
pinnately compound
petiolute
attach the leaflets
rachis
extension of petiole
dorsal surface
flat
ventral surface
lamina
Functions
#
photosynthesis
prevents water loss
Initiation and development of leaves
Monocots
form primordium
encircle shoot apical meristem
it is initiated by shoot apical meristem
lamina
abxial epidermis
it is the inner surface
adxial epidermis
it is the outer surface
constant basal expansion
differentiation of sieve tube members and vessel elements
streches the protoxylem and protophloem
initiation of primary xylem, phloem and the stomata
Eudicots and basal angiosperm
