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Leaves (morphology and anatomy of other leave types (leaves w/ Kranz…
Leaves
morphology and anatomy of other leave types
succulent
thick and fleshy
3 families
crassulaceae
sedum
kalanchoe
aizoaceae
ice plant
portulacaceae
lewisia
portulaca
sclerophyllous foliage
sclerenchymatous leaves
resistant
freezing temperatures
animals
fungi
ultraviolet light
hadrness
foliage must produce more sugars
limits sclerenchyma
flexible
edible
soft
leaves w/ Kranz anatomy
lack spongy mesophyll
adaptation to arid environments
lack palisade mesophyll
prominent bundle sheaths w/ large chlorophyllous cells
C4 metabolism
insect traps
passive traps
incapable of movement
pitcher leaves
active traps
move during capture
sundew leaves
traps & digests insects
insectivory
obtain nitrogen
spines
no vascular tissue
no mesophyll parenchyma
needle shaped
closely packed fibers
auxiliary buds
bud scales
small and rarely compound
petiole short or absent
primary protection
tough and waxy
tendrils
can sense contact
does not form lamina
grow indefinitely
grows around object
leaves of conifers
simple leaves
needles
slerophyllous
thick cuticle
thick cell walls
contain unpalatable chemicals
evergreens
external foliage of leaves
petiole
stipules
two small flaps
has petiole
petiolate
abscission zone/
leaf base usually in petiole
release enzymes
ventral side of leaf
abaxial side
usually smooth
sessile leaf
lacks petiole
sheathing leaf base
veins
bundles of vascular tissue
parallel ventilation
veins are side by side
monocots
reticulate ventilation
netted pattern
angiosperms
eudicots
leaf blade (lamina)
simple leaf
blade of just one part
light harvesting portion
compound leaf
blade divided into several parts
internal foliage of leaves
mesophyll
spongy
lower portion of leaf
less stomata
loose aerenchyma
CO2 diffusion
palisade
upper side of leaf
more stomata
main photosynthetic tissue
usually one thick layer
vasucular tissues
midvein
conduction/ support
lateral veins
conduction/ support
minor veins
loading sugar into phloem
release water from xylem
bundle sheaths
fibers around vascular tissue
bundle sheath extension
petiole
transition b/t stem and lamina
leaf trances
1,3,5+ vascular bundles
stipules
two small flaps
epidermis
cutin
retain water
protection
cuticle
carrying capacity stomata
sunken into epidermal cavities
transpiration
intrinsic rate of natural increase (biotic potential)
water loss
initiation and development of leaves
basal angiosperms and eudicots
produced by shoot meristem
leaf primordium
causes protrution
causes:
leaf meristem
leaf protoderm
meristematic differentiation
primary phloem
pro vascular tissue
primary xylem
monocots
shoot apical meristem expansion
becomes a cylinder
encircles shoot apical meristem
hook like shape
some grow w/ primordiums
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