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Cells (Eukaryotes: have nucleus/organelles ability to form multicellular…

- - - - microfilament
        
        small fibers supporting the cell membrane
      - phospholipid bilayer-the membrane
        
        embedded proteins
        
        help w/ transport -active and facillitated diffusion
        
        helps w/ immune system
        
        cholesterol
        
        stabilizes membrane fluidity
        
        phosophlipid structure
        
        hydrophillic phosphate heads
        
        hydrophobic tails
        
        Cell Transport
        
        Passive transport: w/ concentration gradient (no energy)
        
        facillitated diffusion
        
        opens channel for large polar molecules/ions to diffuse from high to ow concentrations
        
        osmosis
        
        movement of water through membrane to where the solute is more concentrated
        
        hypotonic: vice versa of hypertonic
        
        isotonic: = solute
        
        hypertonic: water moves out of cell/ higher solute concentration outside
        
        Simple diffusion
        
        small nonpolar molecules pass through membrane from high to low concentration
        
        active transport: against the gradient (uses energy)
      - microtubule
        
        road system for the motor proteins, larger tubes suppoting cell
    - - chromatin/chromosome
        
        genetic material (chromosomes are the highly densed version of the material done when cells divide)
      - nuclear membrane
        
        controls what comes in/out of the nucleus (won't let DNA escape)
      - nucleolus
        
        makes the ribosomes
    - - lysosomes
        
        membrane bound bubbles filled w/ digestive enzymes, prominent in animals
      - vacuoles
        
        membrane bound bubbles used for storage
      - mitochondria
        
        takes energy from sugar and converts it to ATP
      - centrioles
        
        anchor for microtubules, important in cell division, prominent in animals
      - golgi apparat.
        
        perfects/packages proteins for export out of the cell
      - ribosomes
        
        molecular machine that makes proteins (not organelle, prokaryotes also have)
      - chloroplast
        
        found in plants, carries out photosynthesis
      - Endoplasmic retic.
        
        Rough: membranes for channeling materials for making proteins studded w/ ribosomes
        
        Smooth: membranes for channeling materials for making fats
- - - - oldest, eat chemicals
    - - eat sugar, most successful