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Pathophysiology of Elimination (Urinary Dysfunction- this is when there is…
Pathophysiology of Elimination
Urinary Dysfunction
- this is when there is altered urinary elimination that does not allow the regulation of body fluids and the balance between acid and bases.
Alterations of motility
is
when there is retention of filtration occurring in the renal tubules and urine in the bladder.
Can be
caused
by low flow rate through the kidneys
Cause
can also be from increased sodium concentration and low pH
Disease
- Pyelonephritis
Treatment
requires antibiotics like ciprofloxacin to be taken
Treatment
may become more serious if infection is reoccurring and surgery may be an end result if no other option, a nephrectomy
Alterations of patency
is
when there is a blockage within structures necessary for urine passage, now allowing urine to be eliminated when necessary.
Cause
by space occupying lesion that block the intestinal lumens
The
cause
can also be from ileus which is when the bowl isn't working due to bacteria, medication, disease, many reasons that aren't mechanical
Disease
- Urolithiasis
Treatment
is encouraging fluid intake to promote filtration and movement of the stone, along with antispasmodic agents calcium channel blockers and alpha blockers
Treatment
can become a surgical procedure if the obstruction is too large, causing damage, continues to grow, etc.
Alterations of neuromuscular function
is
when urinary retention or incontinence occurs due to issues in neural control over urinary elimination.
Can be
caused
by injury from abdominal surgery or spinal trauma
Cause
can also be imnalanced electrolytes
Disease
- Enuresis
Treatment
includes both the use of medications and surgery where needed
Treatment
- can also look like bladder training which allows patient to try and increase holding urine for intervals
Alterations of perfusion
is
when there is inadequate arterial blood supply to necessary renal structures that allow the movement of urine out of the body.
Can be
caused
inadequate blood supply to the kidneys causing low vascular volume
Cause
can be due to constricted arterioles or obstructed patency of arterial supplies from an embolism
Disease
- Polycystic Kidney Disease
Treatment
includes pharmacological management with ACE-I and ARB medications to treat hypertension caused by PKD
Treatment
may lead to a kidney transplantation when the patient is in end-stage renal failure
Bowel Dysfunction
- this is when there is altered stool elimination affects the large intense and the GI tracts ability to get rid of waste and toxins from the body
Alterations of neuromuscular function
is
when there is alteration of neural signaling or the muscle responses that allow the bowel to function
A
cause
can be emotional stress due to the influence it has on the central nervous system
Cause
can also be narcotic analgesia drugs
Disease
- Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Treatment
includes watching correct nutrition and preventing malnutrition
Treatment
also can be antibiotics when needed to treat bacterial infections that occur
Alterations of patency
is
when there is an obstruction that does not allow the bowel to function properly and eliminate feces.
Cause
can be from lesions on the bowel
Cause
can also occur from bacteria and inflammation in the bowels that is not supposed to be
Disease
- Diverticulitis
Treatment
may include a strict diet and lifestyle alterations to include more fiber, avoid certain foods, increase fluids and exercise
Treatment
could also include medications for antibiotics and anti-inflammatorys. In severe cases a bowel resection or colostomy may be needed
Alterations of include motility
is
when fecal matter is not able to pass though the large intestines for elimination
Cause
can be from a build up of the wrong bacteria in the intestinal flora like E.coli and a lack of the right bacteria
Cause
can also be certain foods that irritate the intestines
Disease
- Crohn's disease
Treatment
includes watching ones diet to make sure lots of fluids are being taken, as well as fiber and laxatives when needed
Treatment
may also be a bowel resection if issues persist and result in necrosis of part of the bowel