Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Cells (Organelles and Structures: (Cytoplasm: (Endoplasmic Reticulum:,…

- - - - Rough ER: Membranes for channeling materials for making proteins.
      - Smooth ER: Membrane for channeling materials for making fats.
  - - - Genetic Material
    - - Make ribosomes
    - - Controls what comes into/out of the nucleus
  - - - Small fibers supporting the cell membrane.
    - - Embedded proteins:
        
        Embedded proteins are proteins that are often traverse, the cellular membrane and regulate and affect the flow of water through membranes.
      - Phospholipid Structure:
        
        Hydrophobic tails:
        
        The Hydrophobic tails of a lipid are being shielded from the water in the interior.
        
        Hydrophilic heads:
        
        The head of the phospholipid faces the water
      - Cholesterol:
        
        Cholesterol is a major component of all cell membranes and is used to make essential molecules such as hormones and bile acids to help you digest your food.
      - Cell Transport
        
        Passive Transport :With concentration gradient (No Energy Used)
        
        Facilitated diffusion
        
        Transport protein opens channel for large, polar molecules to diffuse
        
        Osmosis
        
        Movement of water through membrane to where solute most concentrated
        
        Hypotonic: Water moves into cell/higher solute concentration inside
        
        Isotonic: Equal movement in and out of cell/equal solute concentration
        
        Hypertonic: Water moves out of cell/higher solute concentration outside
        
        Single Diffusion
        
        Small non-polar molecules pass through membrane from high to low concentration.
        
        Active Transport: Against concentration gradient (Need Energy)
        
        Membrane protein pumps against concentration gradient.
        
        Membrane Manipulation
        
        Exocytosis
        
        Process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
        
        Endocytosis
        
        The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
      - Cells that get into the cell:
        
        Sugar, proteins, fats, salts, O2, H2O
      - Cells that get out the cell:
        
        Waste, ammonia, salts, CO2, H2O
    - - Larger tubes supporting cell (Serve as roads for motor proteins).
- - - - Oldest organisms, eat chemicals, unorganized & live in extreme environment.
    - - Evolved next, Eat/Produce sugar to later & most successful