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Chapter 11: Political Participation and Voting Behavior (The Right to Vote…
Chapter 11: Political Participation and Voting Behavior
Concept of Political Participation
Political Participation
The translation of personal preference into a voluntary action designed to influence public policy.
The Right to Vote
Franchise
The constitutional or statutory right to vote.
Midterm Elections
The congressional and gubernatorial elections that occur in the middle of a presidential term
Voter Turnout
The percentage of eligible voters who cast votes in an election.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
The social background and economic position of a person.
Psychological Engagement
Political Efficency
The belief that one’s opinions are important and that government will respect and respond to one’s views
Political Alienation
The feeling of being isolated from or not part of the political process and system.
Allegiant
Feeling great trust and support for the political system.
Mobilization
Efforts aimed at influencing people to vote in an election.
Model of Voting Behavior
Sociological Model
(Columbia model) A model explaining vote choice by considering factors such as religion, place of residence, and socioeconomic status.
Social-Psychological Model
(Michigan model) A model explaining voter choice that focuses on individual attitudes.
Rational Choice Model
A model of voter choice that suggests that an individual will vote if the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs and will cast his or her ballot for candidates who are closest to sharing the individual’s views on the issues.
Explaining Voter Choice
Candidate Image
Voters’ perceptions of a candidate’s qualities.
Retrospective Voting
Voting that is based on an individual’s evaluation of the past performance of a candidate.
Prospective Voting
Voting that is based on an individual’s estimation of how well a candidate will perform duties in the future.
Voting Behavior and the Operation of the American Political System
Maintaining Election
An election in which the traditional majority party maintains power based on the long-standing partisan orientation of the voters.
Deviating Election
An election in which the minority party is able to overcome the long-standing partisan orientation of the public based on temporary or short-term forces.
Reinstating Election
An election in which the majority party regains power after a deviating election.
Realigning Election
An election in which the minority party is able to build a relatively stable coalition to win election, and this coalition endures over a series of elections.