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Neurology (Three Principal Function (Sensory Input (Sensory receptors on…
Neurology
Three Principal Function
Sensory Input
Sensory receptors on your skin
Integration
Nervous system processes that input and decides what should be done about it
Motor Output
The response that occurs when your nervous system activates certain parts of your body
Two Main Parts (Organization)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Main control center.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Composed of all the nerves that branch off from the brain.
Allows the CNS to communicate with the rest of your body
Sensory Division (Afferent)
Picks up sensory stimuli
Skin send information to brain
Motor Division (Efferent)
Send directions from brain to muscles and glands
Somatic Nervous System (Voluntary)
Rules your skeletal muscle movements
Autonomic Nervous System (Involuntary)
Keeps your heart beating, your lungs breathing, and you stomach growling
Sympathetic Division
Mobilizes the body into action (gets it all fixed up)
Parasympathetic Division
Relaxes the body and talks it down
What is it all made up of?
Nervous tissue (densely packed cells)
Less than 20% of the tissue consists of extracellular cell space
Cell type = neurons (nerve cells)
Respond to stimuli and transmit signals
Neurons are surrounded and protected by gaggles of neuroglia
(glial cells)
Glial cells are the scaffolding/glue that holds the neurons together
Provide support, nutrition, installation, and help with signal transmission in the nervous system
Glial Cells
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Astrocytes
Exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries
Most abundant and versatile glial cell
Anchor neurons to their blood supply
Govern the exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries
Microglial cells
Main source of immune defense against invading microorganisms in the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal cells
Line cavities in your brain and spinal cord
Create, secrete, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and cushions the organs
Oligodendrocytes
Wrap around neurons
Produces an insulating barrier called the myelin sheath
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Satellite cells
Surround and support neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells
Wrap around axons and produce an insulating barrier called the myelin sheath
Neurons
Similarities all types of neurons share
Some of the longest-lived cells in your body
They are irreplaceable
About 25% of the calories that you take in every day are consumed by your brain's activity
Structure
Soma (Cell body)
Branch-like things projecting out from the soma are the
dendrites
Dendrites pick up messages from other cells and convey that information to the cell body