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Cardiovascular System (Diseases (Endocarditis: is inflammation of the…
Cardiovascular System
Diseases
peripheral artery disease : A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.
Endocarditis: is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves.
Myocartis: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. P
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
Cerebrascular Accident (stroke): Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.
Congenital heart disease: An abnormality in the heart that develops before birth
Major Componets of The Blood
Erythrocytes : carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs.
Platelets: tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding
Leukocytes : protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
Layers of the Heart
:
Epicardium: (Outmost Layer) protects the inner heart layers and also assists in the production of pericardial fluid
Myocardium: (Middle Layer) responsible for pumping blood with oxygen to the body
Endocardium: (Innermost Layer) provides protection to the valves and heart chambers.
Major Arteries & Veins
Head & Neck:
Arteries
: brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian, common carotid, external carotid, internal carotid arteries
Veins
: internal jugular, external jugular, anterior jugular, subclavian and brachiocephalic veins
Upper Body:
Arteries
: axillary, brachial, ulnar and radial arteries
Veins
: basilic, cephalic, radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary veins
Lower Body:
Arteries
: femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis arteries
Veins
: anterior tibial, posterior tibial, fibular/peroneal, popliteal, femoral, great
Anatomy & Blood Flow of Heart
Deoxygenated blood:
Through Vena cava's >
Right Atrium >
Passes down through Tricuspid Valve >
Enters right ventricle >
Up to pulmonary valve >
Pulmonary Artery >
Oxygenated Blood:
Travels to
lungs
then up toward inferior vena cava >
Through pulmonary veins >
Left Atrium >
Mitral / Bicuspid Valve >
Left Ventricle >
Aortic Valve >
Aorta >
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Differences Between Blood Vessel Types
Structural
:
Capillaries consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, the endothelium tunic (tunica intima).
Arteries
and
veins
consist of three layers: an outer tunica externa, a middle tunica media, and an inner tunica intima.
Functional
:
Vein: carries deoxygenated blood
Artery: carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Capillaries: responsible for diffusions gases and nutrients from blood to body
Function of Cardiovascular System
transportation, protection, fluid balance and thermoregulation.
Cardiac Cycle:
Step 1: Ventricle Filling
Step 2: Ventricular Systole
Step 3: Early Diastole
ECG
ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat. With each beat, an electrical impulse (or “wave”) travels through the heart. This wave causes the muscle to squeeze and pump blood from the heart.
Intrinsic Factors
intrinsic control: control is entirely within fissue or organ
extrinsic controls: Control is from outside tissue or organ