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5.6 Threats to aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services (Biodiversity…
5.6 Threats to aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services
Ocean ecosystem and economic services
performed by the ocean
Oxygen: oceans generate more than half o the oxygen we breathe
Food: about 40% of the world's people get 15-20% of their animal protein and essential nutrition from seafood
Jobs: worldwide, about 850 million jobs in fishing and tourism depend on the oceans
Climate Control: oceans help slow atmospheric warming and climate change by absorbing about 25% of the carbon dioxide produced by human activities.
Coastal Protection: Natural barriers such as coral reefs, mangrove forest, and sea-grass beds reduce the impacts from tsunamis and major storms
Biodiversity in the Oceans
Biodiversity is greater near the coasts than in the open sea because of the larger variety of producers and habitats in coastal areas
Biodiversity is generally greater in the bottom region of the ocean than in the surface region because of the larger variety of habitats and food sources on the ocean bottom
The greatest marine biodiversity occurs around coral reefs, in estuaries, and on the deep-ocean floor
Major threats to aquatic biodiversity
threats
humans activities have destroyed or degraded much of the world's coastal wetlands, coral reefs, mangroves, and ocean bottom
the oceans are facing a major extinction event
the impacts are accelerating but there not so bad we can't reverse them
The Big Six: HIPPCO
Habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation
Invasive species
Population growth and increasing use of resources
Pollution
Climate Change
Overexploration