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60-year-old women has experienced a myocardial infraction. ((Concepts…
60-year-old women has experienced a myocardial infraction.
Patient has a history of obesity, this can lead to high cholesterol, and cardiovascular issues.
Gender and age are risk factors for MI
Patient had a history of diabetes type 2, which is a decrease of insulin receptors or damaged receptors. Insulin is not working well or working at all to decrease blood sugars.
Papillary muscles contract during ventricle contractions and help the chordae teninear to prevent back flow form the ventricles to the atrium.
The valves help with the atrial contacting which leads to blood flow to ventricles.
RA->tricuspid av valve->RL_>pulmonary sm valve->pulmonary trunk->x2 pulmonary arteries->lungs->x4 pulmonary veins->LA->biscuspid av valve->LV-> aortic sm valve->aorta-> body-> inferior and superior vena cava. carrying O2 rich blood from lungs to body and O2 poor blood from vena cava to pulmonary trunk.
The relationship between the hear function and blood pressure if our body is not pumping enough blood to our part of the body our blood pressure will either increase or decrease, because there is not enough oxygen in our tissue to be able to function correctly.
Anatomy of the heart
The heart is made up of 3 layer which include the epicardium the outer most layer, the myocardium which is the middle later of the heart wall and the endocardium which is the inner later of the heart.
The hear has four chambers the right and left ventricles and atrium, these chambers assist in the blood flow form the heart to the lungs and body. It also, has valves such as the tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve and semilunars valves that aid with blood flow.
There are two nornal sounds of the hear the first one is the Lubb (s1 sound) it represents the closing of the atrioventricular vales. The second sound is the dubb (s2 sound) it represents the closing of the semi lunar valves.
The relationship between heart function and respiratory rate due to the lack of oxygen in our tissue our lungs will increase the respiratory rate to increase to get more oxygen where is needed which will cause our hear to pump much faster to be able to transport blood.
Concepts
Cardiac output the amount of blood pumped by one ventricle in a minute,heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output
Arterial pressure the pressure against the wall of the arterial system, how fast the heart is pumping blood.
Stoke volume is the amount of blood pumped out during ventricular contraction.
Prelaod is the stretch of the heart wall before contraction
Heart rate number of beays per minute
Afterload is the resistance in the arteries tot he ejection of blood by the ventricles
Peripheral resistance is the resistance of blood in the blood vessels
systole ejection of blood from ventricles. Diastole relaxation of ventricles which allows for ventricles to fill again.
Myocardial infraction (heart attack)
Its when there is a sudden and complete occlusion if the coronary artery. The myocardium does not get any oxygen which causes for tissue and cells to die.
Mitral valve failure
The mitral valve is not coming to a complete closure and its allowing blood to flow backwards in the the left ventricle and not to the rest of the body.
The circulatory system will be the most affected due to the Mi and causing failure to the mitral valve, the blood flow is not going to flow correctly this causing issues for the rest of the systems due to decrease in flow flow and oxygen.
Since the lack of oxygen in the arteries this will cause intestinal ischemia which later will cause pain when a patient when eating due to the intestine being blocked.
If the blood is going back to the LV now the kidneys will not get all the oxygen needed to be able to function well, this may cause kidney failure.
Due to the mitral valve failure the nevous sytem will not be able to respond to the patients decrease in blood pressure and hear rate due to the lack of oxygen.
Patient can have pulmonary edema due to the damage of valves, patient will not be able to breath well and become SOB.