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34 y/o male with AIDS doesn't understand why he can't just take an…
34 y/o male with AIDS doesn't understand why he can't just take an antibiotic
Upstream Cause
Indirect
Unprotected sex or sharing injection needles
Direct
Untreated HIV
Downstream Effects
Indirect
Dying in a few years due to incurable AIDS
Direct
Weakening of immune system
Background Information
Organs and cells of immune system
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Bone Marrow
Spleen
Bowel
Lymph Nodes
Thymus
Tonsils
Adaptive Parts
Thymus for T Cell maturation
Lymphocytes induct and express
Bone marrow for B Cell maturation
Innate Parts
Defense mechanisms: secretions, mucous, bile, saliva, tears
General immune responses: inflammatory, and non-specific cellular responses
Physical barriers: skin, GI tract, eyelashes, and body hair
Specific
B Cells
Plasma Cells - NAPCON
Bm - B Memory Cells
T Cells
TNKC - T Natural Killer Cells
T8 (CD8) - T Cytotoxin Cells
Ta - T alpha
T4 (CD4) - T Helper Cells
Ts/r - T supressor/regulator
Tm - T Memory Cells
Tgd - T gama delta
Innate Cells
Eosinophils: Target multicellular parasites
Neutrophils: Toxic to bacteria and fungi and kill them
Basophils: Attack multicellular parasites
Mast Cells: Wound healing and produce inflammatory response
Natural Killer Cells: Destroy infected host cells to stop infections spreading
Macrophages: Hunt pathogens
Dendritic Cells: Messenger for rest of immune system; bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems
Phagocytes: Engulf and destroy potential threats
Leukocyte Functions
Eosinophils: Attack and kill parasitic and cancer cells
Basophils: Secrete chemicals to help with allergic reactions
Monocytes: Live longer to help break down bacteria
Lymphocytes: Create antibodies to fight against bacteria
Neutrophils: Kill and digest bacteria and fungi
Viral vs. Bacterial Infection
Viral: Infections cause by viruses
Antibiotics do NOT work kill viruses
Bacterial: Infections caused by bacteria
Treated using antibiotics
Lytic and Lysogenic Stage of Virus
Lysogenic: The formation of a circular replicate in bacterial cytoplasm
Lytic: The destruction of the infected cell and its membrane
HIV vs AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
May lead to occurrence of opportunistic infections
Treatment: NO CURE, but anti-retroviral therapy slows progression
Caused by untreated HIV
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Destroys CD4 Cells
Treatment: Medications and ART
Transmits through bodily fluid
Destroyed TH Cells
Destroyed TH2 Cells lead to inactive Bm Cells
Cuts off T4 which are Helper Cells
Destroyed TH1 Cells lead to inactive T8 Cells
If left untreated, death will occur
Immediate Effects are fatigue, weakness, fever, night sweats, sore throat, and headaches
His immune system is working but very slowly and is dying out very rapidly
His diagnosis has changed because it because chronic HIV and is destroying his immune system and cells very rapidly