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Cardiovascular System Nadya Hernandez p4 (Anatomy (chambers (right atrium …
Cardiovascular System Nadya Hernandez p4
major functions
transport O2 to cells
transport nutrients from digestive system to body cells
transport hormones to body cells
transport waste from cells to excretory organs
distribute body heat
Anatomy
chambers
right atrium - right ventricle
left atrium - left ventricle
valves
tricuspid valve (right side)
bicuspid valve (left side)
vessels
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
inferior vena cava
aorta
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
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Layers of heart
epicardium - visceral layer of serous pericardium
myocardium - cardiac muscle layer; bulk of heart
endocardium - lines chambers + valves
blood flow thru heart + body
pulmonary circuit: O2-less blood flows away from heart to get O2 from lungs and get rid of CO2
systemic circuit: blood w O2 is carried away from heart to give O2 to body tissues
left side: atrium gets blood returning from pulmonary circuit, and the ventricle pumps blood out to systemic circuit
right side: gets O2 poor blood from body tissues. pumps this blood out pulmonary artery to get O2. the right ventricle pumps blood to pulmonary circuit and the atrium gets blood returning from systemic circuit.
major arteries + veins of body
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
aorta
brachiocephalic artery: delivers blood to upper limbs
subclavian artery: delivers blood to lower limbs
common carotid artery: delivers blood to brain neck and face
superior vena cava: gets deoxygenated blood from upper body
inferior vena cava: gets deoxygenated blood from lower body
disorders of cardio system
myocarditis + endocarditis
peripheral artery disease
myocardial infarction
pericarditis
anemia + polycythemia
cerebrovascular accident
congenital heart disease
intrinsic factors/regulation
myogenic controls: muscles control dilation + constriction
long term autoregulation: angiogenesis-increase # of blood vessels and existing vessels get bigger
hyperemia: increase of blood flow to muscle
metabolic controls: nitric oxide is a powerful dilator. endothelins are powerful constrictors. these controls are provoked by low O2 levels
structural + functional differences btwn blood vessel types
capillaries: convey blood btwn arterioles + venules. very thin walls. 3 types: fenestrated, sinusoid, continuous
veins: blood is coming to heart. mostly carries deoxygenated blood. thin tunicas. v thin tunica media large lumen. has valves.
arteries: blood is coming away from heart. mostly carries oxygenated blood. thick tunicas. v thick tunica media. 3 types: arterioles, elastic arteries, and muscular arteries.
cardiac cycle
p wave: atria filled with blood
p b segment: atria contract, filling ventricles
qrs waves: ventricles contract, building pressure until pulmonary + aortic valves open
s t segment: valvles open, blood in pushed through aorta + pulmonary arteries
t wave: ventricles relax and valves close bc of pressure in aorta + pulmonary arteries