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Chapter 10 (Vocabulary (Participative Decision Making: A process in which…
Chapter 10
Vocabulary
Participative Decision Making: A process in which people contribute to the decisions that will affect them.
Cohesiveness: The totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in that group.
Orientation Stage: When group members become familiar with one another's positions and tentatively volunteer their own.
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Dialogue: A process in which people let go of the notion that their ideas are more correct or superior to others' and instead seek to understand an issue from many different perspectives.
Force Field Analysis: A method of problem analysis that identifies the forces contributing to resolution of the problem and the forces that inhibit its resolution.
Brainstorming: A method for creatively generating ideas in groups by minimizing criticism and encouraging a large quantity of ideas without regard to their workability or ownership by individual members.
Nominal Group Technique: A method for including the ideas of all group members in a problem-solving session.
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Information Overload: The decline in efficiency that occurs when the rate or complexity of material is too great to manage.
Information Underload: The decline in efficiency that occurs when there is a shortage of the information necessary to operate effectively.
Groupthink: A group's collective striving unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals of alternatives to its chosen decision.
Breakout Groups: Any of several small groups of people, at a conference etc., who concentrate effort on a part of the main topic.
Problem Census: The procedure of systematically acquiring knowledge about the problem within a group.
Focus Group: A demographically diverse group of people assembled to participate in a guided discussion about a particular product before it is launched, or to provide ongoing feedback on a political campaign, television series, etc.
Parliamentary Procedure: Observing specific rules about how topics may be discussed and decisions made.
Panel Discussion: Participants discuss a topic informally, much as they would in an ordinary conversation. This usually involves a moderator to help guide the discussion.
Symposium: Participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption.
Forum: Allows nonmembers to add their opinions to the group's deliberations before the group makes a decision.
Key Ideas
Resources, accuracy, commitment, and diversity are all advantages of group problem solving.
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There are four stages of team development: The orientation stage, the conflict stage, the emergence stage, and the reinforcement stage.
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There can sometimes be the pressure to conform in group situations which can sometimes lead to bad decisions.
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Personal Connections
When engaging in group discussions in high school, I noticed that there was usually a lack of diversity when it came to people's viewpoints, which resulted in pretty much everyone agreeing with each other.
I usually don't talk much in group discussions so when other group members encourage me to speak up, depending on the circumstances it can either make me uncomfortable or more likely to participate.
I find it important to maintain positive relationships with my coworkers because it makes going to work more enjoyable and makes working together more effective.
I find that for me, dialogue is the most common way I have worked out problems in groups.
I have definitely noticed that sometimes I tend to agree with a decision just because the majority of people in the group agree with that decision.
Examples from Text
"Groupthink has led to a number of disasters, including the United States's botched Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in the 1960s, the Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster in 1986, and corporate culture that led to the downfall of energy giant Enron in 2001."
"As early as 1910, John Dewey introduced his famous 'reflective thinking' method as a systematic approach to solving problems".
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"Putting on a New Year's party could involve a variety of tasks: inviting the guests, hiring a band, finding a place large enough to hold the party, buying food and drinks, and so on. It's both unrealistic and unfair to expect one or two people to do all this work."