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The Cardiovascular System Leslie De La Rosa P.4 (Anatomy of heart…
The Cardiovascular System Leslie De La Rosa P.4
Major Functions
Protects the body from disease and infections
Blood clotting to prevent blood from seeping out of an injury
Removes waste products of metabolism
Transports hormones to target cells and organs
Provides nutrients to cells
Regulates body temperature
Circulates Oxygen and removes Carbon Dioxide
Anatomy of heart
Bicuspid Valve
Papillary Muscles
Left and Right Auricle
Pulmonary Valve
Inter-ventricular sulcus
Tricuspid Valve
Inter-ventricular septum
Semi lunar Valves
Left Ventricle
Pulmonary Trunk
Left Atrium
Left and Right Pulmonary Artery
Right Ventricle
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Right Atrium
Left and Right Brachiocephalic Veins
Inferior Vena Cava
Left and Right Common Carotid Artery
Superior Vena Cava
Left and Right Inferior Pulmonary Vein
Chordae Tendinae
Aortic Valve
Left and Right Subclavian Artery
Left and Right Subclavian Vein
Layers of the heart
2.(middle) Myocardium: Muscular layer that contains the cardiac muscle tissue
(outer) Epicardium: A thin serous membrane layer that lubricates and protects the heart
(inner) Endocardium: simple squamous endothelium layer lines the heart forcing the blood close to the heart
Blood Flow through Heart and Body
(
Bold
= Oxygenated
Italicized
= De-oxygenated)
Aorta
Body
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Artery
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Major arteries and veins of the body
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein
Internal and External Jugular Vein
Renal Vein and Artery
Arch of Foot Artery
Abdominal Aorta
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
Femoral Artery and Vein
Common and Internal Iliac Artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein and Artery
Brachial Artery
Axillary artery and Vein
Subclavian Artery and Vein
Common Carotid Artery
Arch of Aorta
Great Saphenous Vein
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Structural Differences
Capillaries:: smallest and numerous blood vessels
-Connect arteries and veins
Arteries: Branch out to smaller arterioles -(inner) Tunica intima (middle) Tunica media (outer) Tunica Externa
Veins: (Venules) Contain 3 layers: (inner) Tunica Intima (middle) Tunica meida (outer) Tunica externa
Functional Differences
Capillaries:exchange materials between blood and tissue cells _ varies with metabolic activity
Arteries:Carry blood away from heart -Pulmonary arteries carry de-oxygenated blood to LV -regulate blood from tissue cappilaries
Veins: Carry blood toward the heart -Blood is oxygenated if coming from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium of heart
Blood Pressure
Extrinsic Control: Controlled by the outside of an organ
Auto-regulation: maintains a constant blood flow
Intinsic Control: Controlled by the inside of an organ or tissue
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
Cardiac Cycle: the performance from the beginning to the end of one heart beat
The Atriole Systole Begins: Atrial contraction forces blood to venticles
Ventricular Systole (1st phase): contraction pushes AV valves closed
VS(Second Phase): Semilunar valves open ejecting blood
Ventricular Diastole (early): Semilunar valves close, blood flows to atrial
VD (Late): Chambers relax and blood fills ventricles passively
ECG (Electrocardiogram): a test that measures the electrical activity of the heartbeat
Disorders of cardiovascular systems
Congenital Heart Disease: An issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Myocardial Infarction: Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked(heart attack)
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke): Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted (stroke)
Endocarditis and Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
