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Electricity (static charges caused by movement of electrons (net charge…
Electricity
static charges caused by movement of electrons
static charge
buildup of electric charge in object caused by presence of many particles with like charges
net charge
total number of unbalanced charges in object
measured in coulombs
conduction
electrons transfer between materials with contact
some materials collect electrons from materials and give electrons to other materials
induction
2 uncharged objects come close to each other and opposite negative charges attract within their objects, leaving each side of the objects with a charge
when objects pull apart charges return to their places unless there's something stopping that
charge polarization
charged object comes close to uncharged object and electrons in uncharged objects move within atoms
materials affect charge movement
conductors
material that allows electric charge to pass through it easily
insulators
material that doesn't allow electric charge to pass through it easily
resistance
property of material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
measured in ohms
superconductors
materials that have almost no resistance at very low temps.
grounding
providing harmless low resistance path for electricity
materials become electrically charged
electric charge
property of matter allows object to exert electric force over another object without contact
electricity
static electricity
magnetism
positive or negative
like charges repel
unlike charges attract
electric field
area around object/particle where electric force can be exerted
stronger closer to object/particle
weaker farther from object/particle
technology uses static electricity
photocopier
electrostatic air filter
electric cells supply electric current
electric cell
produces electric current
electrochemical cell
electric cell that produces current through chemical reactions
does this till at least one chemical's used up then cell dies
primary cells
storage cell
can be recharged by reversing chemical reaction
batteries
solar cell
absorb energy from sun then give off electrons which produce electric current
charges can move from one place to another
static charges have potential energy
electric potential energy
energy a charged particle has due to its position in electric field
electric potential
amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
volt
equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge
charge movement
electric potential energy used
excess energy produced
lightning
high-energy static discharge of excess energy produced
electric charge can flow continuously
electric current
flow of electric charge
measured in amperes
ohm's law
Current = Voltage / Resistance
I = V / R