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The Cardiovascular System (Role of Blood Cells (Plasma (All of the blood…
The Cardiovascular System
Role of Blood Cells
There are four components of the blood that help perform its functions
Plasma
All of the blood cells are suspended in the plasma
It allows blood cells to move around the body
It plays a role in temperature regulation
White Blood Cells
Form part of the immune response
Respond when foreign cells such as viruses enter the body
Help to maintain health
Platelets
Responsible for clotting open wounds
Prevent major blood loss when wounds occur as a result of accidents in sport and physical activity
Red Blood Cells
These contain haemoglobin
Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in order to be transported to working muscles
Carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin in order to be removed from the body
The Cardiac Cycle and Pathway of the Blood
Diagram of the heart
Pathway of the blood
The blood fills the heart during diastole and is pumped out of the heart during systole
The flow of blood between different structures is controlled by valves which allow blood under high pressure to flow through them, but prevent it from flowing in the opposite direction
Order of the blood pumped round the body
The blood is pumped out of the heart and transported to the body via the aorta (the aortic semi-lunar valve opens and closes)
The blood then flows into the left ventricle (the bicuspid valve opens and then closes)
The oxygenated blood is transported back to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein
At the lungs, gaseous exchange occurs and oxygen is taken up by the blood. The blood becomes oxygenated
The right ventricle contracts to force the blood out of the heart to the lungs via the left pulmonary artery (the pulmonary semi-lunar opens and then closes)
The blood passes into the right ventricle (as the tricuspid valve opens)
Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium
Functions of the Cardiovascular System in Sport
Transport of oxygen
Oxygen is transported in the blood by red blood cells. It is transported to the working muscles where it is required in order to produce energy for contraction
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide which is produced during exercise is transported in the blood by red blood cells. It is transported to the lungs where it can be removed
Clotting of Wounds
If an athlete is cut during a competition, platelets will clot the wound so that major blood loss does not occur
Transport of Nutrients
Nutrients are transported around the body in the blood. They are required for different functions, such as providing energy (carbohydrates) and muscles growth (protein)
Regulation of Body Temperature
Structure of Blood Vessels
