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Addiction and the Brain (Neurotransmitters (3 Main Neurotransmitters…
Addiction and the Brain
Neurotransmitters
3 Main Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
pleasure, reward, motivation
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Serotonin
mood regulating, influence in sleep, anger, aggression, appetite, happiness
Noradrenalin
readiness-response, arousal, memory, learning
Role in brain addiction
brain's reward center regulates neurotransmitters and is affected when a drug/behavior increases the dopamine level
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Brain
2 Systems
Impulsive
responsible for behaviors concerning immediate outcomes, limbic system engaged
Executive
responsible for deliberate processes, actions are self-directed that demonstrates self-regulation
higher order thinking processes that include planning, organizing, inhibition, decision-making
Addictions: increase in impulsive system elements, diminished influence of executive system
Temporal Discounting
an outcome that is temporarily delayed loses its value as the delay to receipt of the outcome gets longer
Limbic System
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Amygdala
processing emotions, fear, pleasure
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Frontal Lobe
Prefrontal Cortex
thinking, planning, language
associated with reasoning, speech, movement, emotions, problem solving
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Other
Addiction vs. Compulsion
Addiction: dependence, pleasure, sense of denial
Compulsion: intense impulse, relief, discomfort
Addictions share the same brain circuits and chemicals; the cause resides in the power of the drug over the brain
Rat Park Study
even rats can resist the drug when in a normal-social environment; isolation meant consuming more morphine
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