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The Cardiovascular System (Major Arteries And Veins Of The Body (POLMONARY…
The Cardiovascular System
Major Functions Of The Cardiovascular System
2.
protect the body from infection and blood loss
3.
help the body maintain constant regulations
1.
transport nutrients, gases, and waste products around the body
4.
help maintain fluid balance within the body
Cardiac Cycle And ECG
CARDIAC CYCLE
: each complete beat; heartbeat is regular/rhythmic; 72 beats per min. <-- average
CARDIAC CYCLE
: each cycle subdivided into
systole
(contraction phase)/
diastole
(relaxation phase)
ECG
: visible tracing of electrical impulse/ signals resulting in contraction of the heart
P WAVE
: associated with depolarization of the atria
QRS COMPLEX
: associated with depolarization of the ventricles
T WAVE
: associated with repolarization of the ventricles
Major Arteries And Veins Of The Body
POLMONARY ARTERIES
: carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
PULMONARY VEINS
: carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
CORONARY ARTERIES
: wrap around the exterior of the heart; supplies blood to the heart muscle
CEPHALIC VEIN
: runs along the front of forearm
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
: both sides of the neck; supplies blood to the head
JUNGULAR VEINS
: down the neck; returns blood from head
BRACHIOCEPHALIC
: branches from aorta; sends blood to the head and right side of the body
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
: extension of the femoral vein
AORTA
: largest artery; sends blood from the heart to the body
FEMORAL ARTERY
: down the leg; supplies blood to the lower portion of the body
BRACHIAL ARTERY
: upper arm; main supplier of blood to the arms and hands
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
: carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the heart
Layers Of The Heart
MYOCARDIUM
: middle layer; cardiac muscle; layer that contracts
ENDOCARDIUM
: inner most layer; simple squamous epithelium; continuous with blood vessels
EPICARDIUM
: outer most layer; thin layer of connective tissue
Structural And Functional Differences Between Blood Vessel Types
CAPILLARIES
: only one cell thick; gas (nutrients and waste) exchange good and tissue cells
VEINS
: lumens (space inside of blood vessels) of veins are larger; use "milking" action of muscles to help move blood; return blood toward heart
ARTERIES
: thickest layer; carry high pressure blood; blood pumped by force of heart; carries blood away from heart
Anatomy Of The Heart
VALVES
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
: after atria
left:
BICUSPID/ MITRAL
right:
TRICUSPID
SEMILUNAR VALVE
: after ventricles
PULMONARY
: comes before lungs
AORTIC
: comes before aorta
CHAMBERS
LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA
:
thin
walled collecting chambers
LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES
:
thick
muscular pumping chambers
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
R & L VENTRICLE
R & L CORONARY ARTERY
AORTIC ARCH
R & L ATRIUM
R & L PULMONARY VEIN
R & L PULMONARY ARTERY
SUPERIOR/ INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Disorders Of The Cardiovascular System
ENDOCARDITIS
: bacterial infection of the endocardium
STENOSIS
: stiffening of the heart valve
HEART MURMUR
: valves don't close completely; blood swishes back and forth
LEUKEMIA
: combination of genetic and environmental; blood cancer; white blood cells multiply inside bone marrow; becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding, and transport oxygen
THALASSEMIA
: group of inherited blood disorders caused by genetic mutations preventing the normal production of hemoglobin; body organs don't function properly (bone deformities, enlarged spleen, heart problems, etc.
Blood Flow Through The Heart And Body
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
: right atrium and ventricle send blood to the lungs; eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lungs pathway)
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
: left atrium and ventricle send blood to the body/ system; delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste