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Internal Class Inequalities (Labelling (Use of discipline (Gillborn &…
Internal Class Inequalities
Labelling
Labelling = to apply a judgement to a person
Teachers see white pupils as close to the 'ideal' pupil
Use of discipline (Gillborn & Youdell)
Teachers have negative expectations of black pupils
Black pupils are more likely to be seen as a threat
Black pupils report feeling underestimated & picked on
Black pupils are more likely to be excluded/isolated
Use of streaming (Foster)
Black pupils are more likely to be streamed low due to negative perceptions of behaviour & ability
Disapproval of language & culture (Wright)
Asian culture is regarded as inferior by teachers
Teachers assume asian pupils suffer language barriers
Teachers isolate pupils by expressing disapproval of culture or mispronouncing their names
Labelling Evaluation
Perhaps individual teachers are not racist, but the whole system is racist
Cultural deprivation theorists argue teachers responses to minority pupils is not racist but a proportionate response to bad behaviour
Pupil Subcultures & responses to teachers
Rejection of negative labels (Fuller and Mac en Ghaill)
Fuller - Black girls conformed to schoolwork but showed a rejection of school culture generally
Mac en Ghaill - Asian girls committed themselves to academic success to prove teachers wrong
[Failed] Strategies for avoiding racism (Mirza)
Different types of teacher racism - colour blind, liberal chauvinists & overt racists
Girls in particular tried to avoid racist teachers, but this cut off access to resources which still lead to underachievement.
The variety of boys' responses (Sewell)
Boys either respond through rebellion, conformity, retreats or innovation
Evaluation
Most minority pupils will not end up in underperforming subcultures
Many pupils use conformist groups, such as religion, to help them cope with teacher racism and still be successful at school
Subcultures may be formed outside rather than inside of school
Institutional racism topics
Critical Race Theory
This sees racism as an ingrained feature of society. This is when it involves not only just intentional racism but institutional racism too.
The ethnocentric curriculum
Assessment
Access to opportunities
IQism
Marketisation and segregation
As schools get more scope to select specific pupils through marketisation, sociologists argue that this gives more opportunity to get ethnic segregation. Gillborn's view supported by Moore and Davenports research showed that primary school reports were used to get rid of pupils with language difficulties, while the application process was difficult for non-english speaking parents to understand. These processes favour white pupils and disadvantage those who come from think backgrounds.