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Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems (external organization of stem…
Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems
Stem Growth and Differentiation
Apical meristem
Pro vascular tissue
primary phloem
vascular cambium
secondary xylem
secondary phloem
Primary xylem
Ground meristem
pith
interfascular cambium
cortex
cork cambium
Protoderm
epidermis
Cork cambium
phelloderm
cork
Cell division by mitosis and cytokinesis
Sub apical meristem
Protoxylem
Metaxylem
longest time for growth before differentiation
elongation and differentiation
visible differentiate begin
Types of tissues and cell
Collenchyma cells
in shoot of vining plants
layer under epidermis or band next to vascular bundles
primary cell wall
image
it is found in short tips and petioles
primary cell call
require more glucose for the production
ability to form and deform by pressure and tension
thin in some areas
Sclerenchyma cells
conducting sclerenchyma
vessel elements
tracheids
mechanical sclerenchyma
short sclereids
inflexible and brittle
mass forms
long fibers
more flexible
it is found in wood in most of the plants
they are found where strength and flexibility is required
Cell wall
thin is ptimary and thick is secondary
elastic deforms but returns to its original state if pressure is released.
Parenchyma cells :
Transfer cells
used for short distance transportation
contains numerous molecular pumps
increases surface area
Thin primary cell wall
Chlorenchyma cells
involves in photosynthesis
thin cell wall
some dies at maturity to function
Glandular cells
secretion includes: oil, mucilage, nectar, fragrance and resins
it contains large amount of dictysomes and endoplasmic reticulum
metabolize sugars and mineralas
external organization of stem
leaf
node
phyllotaxy
decussate phyllotaxy
disitchous phyllotaxy
spiral phyllotaxy
alternate phyllotaxy
arrangement of the leaves in the stem
whorled phyllotaxy
internode
shoots
lettuce cabbage
asparagus
wide internodes
vines
long internode
stallons
sprouts
coms
crocus
has thick stems with the peppery leaves
bulbs
terminal bud
internal organization of the stems
cortex
aerenchyma cells
in fleshy stems
open tissues with large intercellular space
compact and tightly packed cells in most plants
interior of epidermis
contains photosynthetic parenchyma
vascular tissue
Xylem
Phloem
epidermis
one single layer of parenchyma cells
stoma
it is the outermost layer of the cell
prevents water loss in plants
protects from overheating in bright sunlight
trichomes
