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Chapter 5 (basic cells (Glandular Cell (secrete nectar, secrete fragrances…
Chapter 5
basic cells
Parenchyma Cells
Primary walls remain thin
most common cell
soft part of plant
active matabolically
alive after maturation
Chlorenchyma Cells
parenchyma cells involved in photosynthesis
numerous chloroplasts
thin walls
allows light in
allows CO2 in
Glandular Cell
secrete nectar
secrete fragrances
secrete mucilage
secrete resin
secrete oils
also parenchyma cells
contain few chloroplast
elevated amount of dictyosomes
transport sugar
Transfer cells
Parenchyma cells
mediate short distance transport
extensive knobs
Collenchyma Cells
thin primary wall
thick wall in corners
wall has plasticity
in shoot tips
layer under epidermis
bands near vascular bundles
Sclerenchyma Cells
primary wall
thick secondary wall
walls are elastic
developed from parenchyma cells
supports plant by strength
mechanical sclerenchyma
long fibers
short sclerids
elastic secondary walls
conducting sclerenchyma
tracheids
vessel elements
External organization of stems
Stem is an axis
different parts on stem
nodes
internodes
leaf axil
Axillary bud
bud scales
terminal bud
phyllotaxy
arrangement of leaf on stem
all leafs get sun
alternate
leaves 1 per node
opposite
2 per node
decussate
4 rows
whorled
3+ per node
spiral
not aligned
distichous
leaves in 2 rows
Stolons
also called runners
long, thin, internodes
leaves don't expand
stolons create new plants
bulbs
short shoots
thick fleshy leaves
onions, daffodils, garlic
Internal Organization of stems
epidermis
outermost surface
on herbaceous stems
living parenchyma cells
prevents loss of water
barrier against bacteria
shields delicate cells
cutin
fatty substance
makes cell wall waterproof
protects from fungi
cortex
interior to epidermis
homogeneous
composed of parenchyma cells
simple in plants
complex in other species
Vascular tissue
Xylem
conducts water
#
conducts minerals
travels through dead cells
conducting cells
tracheids
#
vessel elements
Tracheary elements
enter cell cycle arrest
stops dividing
becomes long and narrow
deposits secondary wall
phloem
distributes sugars
distributes minerals
living
2 conducting cells
sieve cells
#
sieve tube members
parenchyma cells
remains alive
different in plants and animals
not a circulatory system in plants
vascular bundles
xylem and phloem together
runs parrallel
interior to cortex
in eudicots and monocots
eudicots they are a ring
monocots are scattered
collateral
stem growth and differentiation
stems grow from tip
apical meristem
where cells grow from
cells divide by mitosis/cytokinesis
daughter cells 1/2 of mother
subapical meristem
region below apical meristem
cells also are dividing
metaxylem
largest tracheary element
longest time for growth
Basic tissues
Parenchyma tissue
Mass of parenchyma cells
most common tissue
soft part of plant
leaves, petals, fruits, seeds
Collenchyma tissue
not always ideal
basically the stalk
can be reshaped
Sclerenchyma tissue
strength of plant
doesn't get reshaped
maintains shape
enter from roots
together called Tracheary elements
Sieve element
