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Chapter 25 (25.1 / 25.2 (4 conditions for life on earth (The abiotic…
Chapter 25
25.1 / 25.2
Fossil record
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pros: gives insight to how organisms have evolved, shows evolutionary tree
cons: incomplete, precise environment and conditions to make a lasting fossil means a lot of potential gaps in our knowledge
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25.4
continental drift
Pangaea, Paleozoic era, super continent about 252 mil years ago
change in environment leading to different evolutions of organims, loss of fossils
tectonic plates, floating sections of "crust" suspended on the magma under the surface
mass extinctions, there have been 5, the most recent was 66 mil years ago
causes: rising CO2 levels, meteors, continental drift.
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adaptive radiations, survivors of the extinctions that live on continue to pass on the genes necessary to survive the after effecs
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25.5 / 25.6
gene expression
Paedomorphosis, allows for earlier reproduction
Homeotic genes, genes determine where our permanent features go and what they are, in the developmental process
Heterochrony, genes tell the body to produce growth hormones
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Gene regulation, when the genes are expressed can have an effects because of mutations
chapter 26
26.3
clades
Grouping of organisms that infer phylogeny from from homologous patterns. A looser class than a phylum
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Polyphyletic: including a distant relative to a group that shares a common ancestor from a further distant relative
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phylogeny
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26.2
homology, species that share a common ancestor
analogy, two species with similar traits that do not share a common ancestor, Convergent evolution
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26.5 / 26.6
molecular clock
Rate of the change for the genes, how the DNA changed over time
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Some genes evolve differently in different species, only have so much DNA data to go off of, punctuated evolution could cause dramatic change in the DNA without having to wait as long as it had been before, a lot of assumptions have to be made sometimes to understand the concept behind molecular clocks
horizontal gene transfer
Genes passed from one organism to another, viral infection, bacterial absorption and or conjugation.