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Bio Ch 19 (lytic cycle (it occurs when a virus has infected a cell…

- - - - microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that
        
        Most viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material
        
        cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell.
        
        are infectious particles
  - - - icosahedral caspid
      - protein spike at each vertex (corner)
      - made of capsomers and contains double stranded DNA
    - - has a outer envelope
      - studded with glycoprotein spikes
      - contains 8 double helical rna protein complexes each with a viral polymers
    - - helical capsid structure
      - a single helical Rna molecule
      - overall shape of a rigid rod
    - - like other "t-even: phages
      - complex caspid consisting of a icosahedral head and tail apparatus
      - t4 is double stranded Rna is enclosed in the head
- - - - It also contains a special site where DNA transfer during conjugation begins
- - - - When one of these "defective" bacteriophages infects a cell, it transfers the DNA.
      - process can be a little sloppy. Sometimes, chunks of host cell DNA get caught inside the new bacteriophage as they are made.
      - bacteriophages chop the DNA of their host cell into pieces, making this transfer process more likely
    - - generalized transduction, the bacteriophages can pick up any portion of the host's genome.
      - specialized transduction, the bacteriophages pick up only specific portions of the host's DNA.
      - specialized transduction is λ phage in Escherichia coli.