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Altered Elimination (Urinary Dysfunction (Alterations of perfusion (PKD,…

- - - - could lead to kidney infection
    - - specific types of cells trapped in the cast meshwork may provide information on the site of pathology
    - - infection of the kidneys
      - detected by elevated WBCs in urine
      - Treatment
        
        antibiotic therapy
        
        increased water intake
  - - - enuresis; inability to voluntarily prevent discharge of urine
      - treatment
        
        bladder training
        
        intravaginal support devices and pelvic muscle strengthening
  - - - could result in ischemia or necrosis
      - Hydroureter (accumulation fo fluid in urinary ureter) or hydronephrosis is a consequence of complete ureteral obstruction
    - - degree of obstruction
      - duration of obstruction
      - acuity or chronicity of condition
    - - referred to as kidney stone; development of calculi in the renal system
      - treatment
        
        antispasmodic agents, calcium channel blockers, alpha blockers
        
        Fluids encouraged to promote filtrate flow and stone movement
  - - - Due to
        
        excessive constricture of arterioles
        
        inadequate vascular volume
        
        obstructed patency of the arterial supply
    - - additional workload that stresses the individual organ system
    - - growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidney tissues bilaterally
      - leads to progressive loss of renal nephrons
      - Treatment
        
        lifestyle modifications: healthy weight, physical activity, and healthy diet
        
        kidney transplant for patients w/ ESRD
- - - - Impairs nutrition
      - prevents adequate opportunity for nutrient and water absorption
      - enhances loss of water and electrolytes
    - - prolongs storage time in large intestines
      - enhanced loss of fluid from fecal matter
      - promotes the return of waste products to circulation
    - - Voluntary or involuntary passage of stool in inappropriate places
      - Treatment
        
        scheduled toilet time
        
        promoting relaxed atmosphere
        
        addressing behaviors contributing to toilet-refusal behavior
  - - - reduced activity
      - side effect of narcotic analgesia
      - electrolyte imbalance
    - - An intestinal disorder causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.
      - treatment
        
        high fiber diet
        
        antibiotics and anti-inflammatory
  - - - due to space-occupying lesion which blocks the intestinal lumen such as tumors polyps, and impacted feces
      - leads to edema
        
        promotes continued fluid and gas accumulation 2/2 movement of water and gas into the bowel lumen.
      - leads to bacteria gaining access to circulation
        
        promotes sepsis development
      - Treatment
        
        Bowel resection
        
        Bowel rest
        
        NG tube to remove fluid and relieve abdominal distension